SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 44, ISSUE 13 - JULY 5, 2006
32 COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory.
For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications,Command and Tracking; for search and rescue, see 03 Air Transportation and Safety; and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
20060016385 Oregon Health Sciences Univ., Portland, OR, USA
Telemedicine for the Medicare Population: Update. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 131
Hersh, W. R.; Hickam, D. H.; Severance, S. M.; Dana, T. L.; Krages, K. P.; Feb. 2006; 114 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DHHS-290-02-0024 Report No.(s): PB2006-109129; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
The goal of this report was to assess the peer-reviewed literature for telemedicine services that substitute for face-to-face medical diagnosis and treatment that may apply to the Medicare population. We focused on three distinct areas: store-and-forward, home-based, and office/hospital-based services. NTIS
Technology Assessment; Telemedicine
20060016439 Geological Survey, Reston, VA USA
Wetland Delineation with IKONOS High-Resolution Satellite Imagery, Fort Custer Training Center, Battle Creek, Michigan, 2005
Fuller, L. M.; Morgan, T. R.; Aichele, S. S.; January 2006; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-111078; USGS-SIR-2006-5051; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Michigan Army National Guard's Fort Custer Training Center (FCTC) in Battle Creek, Mich., has the responsibility to protect wetland resources on the training grounds while providing training opportunities, and for future development planning at the facility. The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data have been the primary wetland-boundary resource, but a check on scale and accuracy of the wetland boundary information for the Fort Custer Training Center was needed. In cooperation with the FCTC, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used an early spring IKONOS pan-sharpened satellite image to delineate the wetlands and create a more accurate wetland map for the FCTC. The USGS tested automated approaches (supervised and unsupervised classifications) to identify the wetland areas from the IKONOS satellite image, but the automated approaches alone did not yield accurate results. To ensure accurate wetland boundaries, the final wetland map was manually digitized on the basis of the automated supervised and unsupervised classifications, in combination with NWI data, field verifications, and visual interpretation of the IKONOS satellite image. The final wetland areas digitized from the IKONOS satellite imagery were similar to those in NWI; however, the wetland boundaries differed in some areas, a few wetlands mapped on the NWI were determined not to be wetlands from the IKONOS image and field verification, and additional previously unmapped wetlands not recognized by the NWI were identified from the IKONOS image. NTIS
Delineation; High Resolution; Imaging Techniques; Satellite Imagery; Wetlands
20060016453 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA
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Hiding Information Under Speech
Kang, George S; Moran, Thomas M; Heide, David A; Dec 12, 2005; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443638; NRL/FR/5550-05-10-126; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443638; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Jerry Weisman of Santa Clara, CA, who has been coaching CEOs for many years on how to sell themselves, wrote about making successful presentations. Weisman said, 'simple but accurate charts are essential to making a presentation more effective.' Unfortunately, until now the secure phone has been no more functional than a telephone -- a device capable of transporting only sounds like the human voice and surrounding sounds. The authors believe that a future secure phone should move beyond 20th century abilities and be capable of transmitting essential visual aids (e.g., key words, key phrases, and simple graphics or hand-scribbled notes) to complement voice communication. They are currently implementing such a phone. It operates in a real-time demonstrable prototype in which a Variable Data Rate (VDR) voice encoder is the core voice encoder. The latter is now being developed by SPAWAR PMW-160 as a future Navy secure phone for future Naval Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications. With the technology described in this report, two tactical commanders can coordinate a tactical assault plan not only verbally, but also visually by exchanging drawings of troop movements or other visual information to enhance the effectiveness of voice coordination. This is intended to be a secure voice system for the 21st century. DTIC
Data Transmission; Embedding; Telephones; Visual Aids; Vocoders; Voice Communication
20060016611 NAVSYS Corp., Colorado Springs, CO USA
Urban/Indoor Navigation Using Network Assisted GPS
Brown, Alison K; Olson, Paul; Jun 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W15P7T-04-C-K412 Report No.(s): AD-A444157; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444157; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
GPS information is an essential element of network centric warfare providing key positioning and timing information in support of communication, positioning and navigation functions. For these networked GPS applications, it is also possible to improve the ability of GPS to operate in challenged environments, such as inside buildings, by using GPS Network Assistance. This paper describes the Network Assisted (NETASSIST) system architecture and a Software GPS Receiver (SGR) Test Bed that has been developed by NAVSYS Corporation under contract to CERDEC. The SGR is designed to use the positioning, timing and navigation data-aiding from a NETASSIST base station across a secure wireless network. This allows the receiver to apply advanced signal processing algorithms to speed direct P(Y) code acquisition and also allow the receiver to track GPS signals down to significantly lower C/N0 thresholds which enhances the receiver's ability to operate inside buildings. Test results collected using the NETASSIST SGR Test Bed are also presented in this paper to demonstrate the advantages of this approach for urban operations. DTIC
Communication Networks; Global Positioning System; Navigation
20060016618 Displaytech, Inc., Longmont, CO USA
Ultrabright Head Mounted Displays Using LED-Illuminated LCOS
Handschy, Mark A; McNeil, John R; Weissman, Paul E; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8650-05-M-6576; Proj-3005 Report No.(s): AD-A444171; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444171; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
We report design and test of a high brightness laboratory-breadboard LED/LCOS HMD system employing a 0.78- inch-diagonal 1280 x 768 ferroelectric liquid-crystal-on-silicon microdisplay and a red-green-blue LED. With an 8x viewing optic giving a 35 degree diagonal field of view, the system yielded brightnesses greater 40,000 cd/m2 (12,000 fL) in color-sequential mode and greater than 100,000 cd/m2 (30,000 fL) in monochrome mode, at LED power consumptions of 1.1 Wand 3.3W, respectively. The illumination optics employed a rectangular light pipe and tailored diffuser to efficiently fill the microdisplay panel aperture and exit pupil. The high efficiency of such image generators facilities display readability in see-through HMDs operating in high-ambient-light environments, as well as enabling ultra-low power HMDs (less than 100 mW total) for dismounted users of battery-powered systems. DTIC
Display Devices; Helmet Mounted Displays; Illuminating
20060016622 Science Applications International Corp., Dayton, OH USA
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Advanced Visualization for Operational Assessment
Alvidrez, Sonia; Hale, Christopher R; Loreaux, Richard H; Monk, Donald; Feb 2006; 15 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8650-04-C-6475; Proj-2830 Report No.(s): AD-A444177; No Copyright; ONLINE: h http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444177; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Air Force is in the midst of a technology transition that will enable and support operators in their decision making strategies by enabling them to have access to - the information needed, in a timely manner, to maintain situation awareness over the battlespace, and to work jointly with other commands. The overarching goal of this transition is to provide a network-centric warfare (NCW) capability that in military operations theory holds that the seamless networking of friendly force elements will bring about an increase in combat power (Alberts, Oartstka, & Stein, 1999). The basic idea is that related mission applications should be integrated into a single managed 'C2 Node'. Included in this technology transition is the advancement and implementation of an Effects Based Operation (EBO) methodology. The goal for the Air Force is to enforce a standardization of this methodology both in practice and in system development. This enforcement is occurring because operations have become complex and more difficult to keep track of, especially when joint forces are employed. DTIC
Command and Control; Military Operations
20060016634 General Dynamics Decision Systems, Scottsdale, AZ USA
Sensor-to-Shooter C2ISR Integration with Joint Battlespace Infosphere: JBI Client Adapters
Lerner, Joseph; Shaw, Jonathan; Kowalchuk, Nick; Sinsabaugh, Mike; Jan 2006; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-04-C-0278; Proj-487B Report No.(s): AD-A444209; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444209; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This report provides the results of the detailed design and implementation phase, Phase II, of the JBI Client Adapter program. This effort consisted of the work associated with developing the client applications and adapters for selected legacy systems to enable them to interact through the Infosphere using the Joint Battlespace Infosphere, JBI, Mercury Client Application Programming Interface, CAPI, compliant interfaces. This report is relevant to all DoD entities seeking technical solutions for interoperable information dissemination and sharing among Command & Control, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, C2ISR, mission applications in a heterogeneous, distributed environment. DTIC
Adaptation; Adapters; Application Programming Interface; Interoperability
20060016922 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, Australia
A Review of Transport Protocols as Candidates for Use in a Tactical Environment
Carter, Michael; Dec 2005; 45 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A444345; DSTO-TR-1808; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Transport protocols are an essential part of any modern data networks, including military tactical networks, Most networks today, including the Internet, operate mainly using the transport protocol TCP. However, this protocol makes a number of assumptions that make it unsuitable for use in a military environment, which is typically characterised by data links that are impoverished in some way. This paper examines TCP, its deficiencies and many other transport protocols that are evaluated for suitability to a military tactical environment. Many of the essential services of TCP as well as other desirable services can be well met by some of these other protocols in existence today in a way that is more suitable for a military tactical environment. DTIC
Communication Networks; Protocol (Computers)
20060016926 NAVSYS Corp., Colorado Springs, CO USA
Navigation and Elctro-Optic Sensor Integration Technology for Fusion of Imagery and Digital Mapping Products
Brown, Alison; Olson, Paul; Aug 1999; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAB07-99-C-K755 Report No.(s): AD-A444475; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Several military and commercial platforms are currently installing GPS and inertial navigation sensors concurrently with the introduction of high quality visual capabilities and digital mapping/imagery databases. This enables autonomous georegistration of sensor imagery using GPS/inertial position and attitude data. This georegistration capability enables data from digital mapping products to be automatically overlayed on the sensor imagery. In this paper, we describe the system architecture for a Navigation/Electro-Optic Sensor Integration Technology (NEOSIT) software application. The design is highly modular and based on COTS tools to facilitate integration with sensors, navigation and digital data sources already installed on different host platforms. DTIC
Computer Aided Mapping; Global Positioning System; Imagery; Inertial Navigation; Multisensor Fusion; Navigation Instruments
20060016979 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
Wireless Communication Technology as Applied to Head Mounted Display for a Tactical Fighter Pilot
Saini, Gurdial; Nov 2005; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-3005 Report No.(s): AD-A444577; AFRL-HE-WP-TP-2005-0017; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The use of Helmet-Mounted Display/Tracker (HMD/Ts) is becoming widespread for air-to-air, within visual range target acquisition for a tactical fighter pilot. HMD/Ts provide the aircrew with a significant amount of information on the helmet, which reduces the burden of the aircrew from having to continually look down in the cockpit to receive information. HMD/Ts allow the aircrew to receive flight and targeting information regardless of line-of- sight, which should increase the aircrew's situation awareness and mission effectiveness. DTIC
Helmet Mounted Displays; Radiotelephones; Wireless Communication
20060017106 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA
Fast Forwarding for Content-Based Networking
Carzaniga, Antonio; Deng, Jing; Wolf, Alexander L; Nov 2001; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-1-0503; F30602-00-2-0608 Report No.(s): AD-A444544; CU-CS-922-01; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This paper presents a new algorithm for content-based forwarding, an essential function in contentbased networking. Unlike in traditional address-based unicast or multicast networks, where messages are given explicit destination addresses, the movement of messages through a content-based network is driven by predicates applied to the content of the messages. Forwarding in such a network amounts to evaluating the predicates stored in a router's forwarding table in order to decide to which neighbor router the message should be sent. We are interested in finding a forwarding algorithm that can make this decision as quickly as possible in situations where there are large numbers of predicates and high volumes of messages. We present such an algorithm and give the results of studies evaluating its performance. DTIC
Communication Networks; Algorithms
20060017126 NAVSYS Corp., Colorado Springs, CO USA
Design and Test Results of a Software Defined Radio for Indoor Navigation
Brown, Alison K; Lu, Yan; Nordlie, Janet; Jan 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A444317; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444317; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
NAVSYS has developed a Software Defined Radio (SDR) test-bed with the capability of navigating inside of buildings. This test-bed combines Global Positioning System (GPS), wireless communications, and Time-of- Arrival (TOA) Pseudolite technology to provide location indoors for applications such as first responders, warfighters, and location-based services. The system uses network assistance over a wireless 802.11 link to enhance GPS and TOA in low-signal and degraded-signal environments (e.g. tunnels, buildings, under tree canopy, and within proximity to RF transmissions). The network assistance information includes differential pseudorange, ephemeris, and navigation data bit aiding. Each system node is capable of navigating using GPS and can switch over to TOAin areas where GPS reception is impossible using strategically located TOAtransmitter nodes. The design incorporates a frequency flexible transceiver. Since the system is based on an SDR architecture, it is easily upgraded for additional capabilities including inertial integration and mesh enhancements using wireless and TOA. In addition, the system can leverage silicon economics and Moore's Law as new computing technologies evolve to further reduce size, weight, and power. DTIC
Communication Networks; Radio Navigation
20060017130 SRI International Corp., Menlo Park, CA USA
Human Language Technology: Opportunities and Challenges
Ostendorf, Mari; Shriberg, Elizabeth; Stolcke, Andreas; Jan 2005; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-02-C-0038; IIS-0085940 Report No.(s): AD-A444237; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444237; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
In recent years, there has been dramatic progress in both speech and language processing, in many cases leveraging some of the same underlying methods. This progress and the growing technical ties motivate efforts to combine speech and language technologies in spoken document processing applications. This paper outlines some of the issues involved, as well as the opportunities, presenting an overview of the special double session on this topic. DTIC
Speech Recognition; Technologies
20060017295 Army Research Lab., Fort Bliss, TX USA
Developing Effective Human Supervisory Control for Air and Missile Defense Systems
Hawley, John K; Mares, Anna L; Feb 2006; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A444786; ARL-TR-3742; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444786; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
One of the defining properties of the next generation of air and missile defense (AMD) command and control (C2) systems is an Increasing reliance on automation. This report is the second in a series of three dealing with human performance and training issues in the development and effective use of automated systems for real-timeAMD C2. The first report (Hawley, Mares & Giammanco 2005) addresses the impact of automation on air defense operators and the consequences of their role change from traditional operators to supervisory controllers. The present report expands upon that original material and discusses developing effective human supervisory control inAMD C2 systems. Together, these reports are intended as a primer on automation, supervisory control, and effective human performance for commanders, concept developers, system designers, trainers, and other personnel involved with acquisition and use of the next generation of AMD C2 systems. DTIC
Air Defense; Command and Control; Manual Control; Missile Defense
20060017507 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA
Topics in Interoperability: Infrastructure Replacement in a System of Systems
Carney, David; Smith, James; Place, Patrick; Nov 2005; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A444901; CMU/SEI-2005-TN-031; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This technical note examines the Common Operations System (COS) a large aggregation of independently developed systems, and the risks posed to it by an infrastructure upgrade. Many large organizations involved in critical government roles depend on the COS for planning their business operations. When such a large number of applications rely on a complex infrastructure an attempt to upgrade raises many interoperability issues. The risks involved, and their observed mititations are examined in several areas: system interfaces organizational responsibilities requirements and functionality developing an integration process and testing. DTIC
Command and Control; Interoperability; Replacing
20060017538 Infantry Div. Artillery (1st), Bamberg, Germany
Web-Based Fire Support Information System
Heath, Garrett D; Dec 15, 2005; 23 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A444949; XA-IDA(1ST)HHB; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A challenge facing division and lower staffs is the efficient and effective use of information-age technologies while performing the six basic functions of an operations center. The importance of performing these functions has not changed over time; however, rapid advances in the conduct of modern warfare require change in the methods and systems used. This paper discusses a problem the 1st Infantry Division Fire Support Element faced during train up for deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom II, and the solution. The solution is the 1st Infantry Division Artillery Portal - a Web-based fire support information system. The Portal provides battlefield operating system staffs and units the ability to submit and access near real-time fire support information and perform dynamic analysis. The Artillery Portal is neither theoretical nor short-lived. The Web- based system has been used since February 2004. The 1st Infantry Division, 42nd Infantry Division, and 101st Airborne Fire Supporters used and still use the Artillery Portal on a daily basis. The 1st Infantry Division Artillery Portal received a 2004 Army Knowledge Award for Transformation Initiative in Battlefield Applications. The new mission to deploy the division in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom II and to conduct full spectrum operations required an upgrade of most command and control systems. The division did not possess the more sophisticated digital systems needed for operations in Iraq. From August to December 2003, the Road to War outlined gunnery, command post exercises (CPX), and digital systems fielding and training. Before deploying in February 2004, 1 ID successfully transformed from a legacy division to a division with digital systems. Fielding digital systems greatly enhanced the division's warfighting resources. Enhancements were most noticeable in increased situational awareness capabilities and the ability to perform C2. However, new challenges arose and some former challenges persisted. DTIC
Command and Control; Data Systems; Digital Systems; Fires; Information Systems; Situational Awareness; Support Systems
20060017660 Federal Armed Forces Univ., Hamburg, Germany
Mobile Number Portability in Europe
Buehler, Stephan; Dewenter, Ralf; Haucap, Justus; Aug 2005; 28 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A445160; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This paper examines the causes and effects of mobile number portability (MNP) and provides a survey of its implementation in Europe. We first examine the competitive effects and the costs of introducing MNP. Next, we discuss how to charge for MNP. We argue that a price cap regime starting from the average cost of porting is likely to provide appropriate incentives. Finally, we review the recent experience with implementing MNP in Europe. Differences in the speed of porting and porting charges appear to explain part of the differences in the use of MNP across countries. DTIC
Europe; Portable Equipment; Switching; Telecommunication; Telephones
20060017692 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France
Link Budget Analysis for New Satellite Telecommunications Systems: The MALTE Package
Deplancq, Xavier; Cornet, Frederic; Lacoste, Frederic; Duverdier, Alban; Lesthievent, Guy; Jul 13, 2005; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A445220; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Nowadays, the future satellite systems for telecommunications are designed to provide multimedia services similar to those offered by terrestrial infrastructures. The main objective in the design of such services is to provide a solution allowing the maximum data rate. This way, the authors propose a new tool, the MALTE package, to analyze accurately link budgets for new satellites operating in the Ka-Band (30 GHz/20 GHz) allocated for the Fixed Services. The use of this frequency band implies that new problems have to be understood and new challenges overcome: propagation phenomena affect more strongly the transmitted signals, and new technologies have to be developed. Moreover, in order to ensure a high capacity and availability of the transmission links, adaptive modulations and codes are used. In part 1, the paper recalls the classical method for link budget computation. In part 2, new systems based on adaptivity are shown. Finally, the last past introduces a few method based on a statistical approach in order to estimate accurately the spatial and temporal availability of the RF links. DTIC
Satellite Communication; Satellite Transmission; Telecommunication
20060017708 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Radio Interoperability: Addressing the Real Reasons We Don't Communicate Well During Emergencies
Timmons, Ronald P; Mar 2006; 121 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A445258; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
Concerns about inadequate radio communications at the scene of disasters predate 9/11, and have been a focal point of homeland security funding since 2001. Under the umbrella term interoperability, grant funding is facilitating the recent deployment of equipment to allow field personnel to patch radio systems together, with the expectation of immediate improvement of emergency scene communications dysfunction. This thesis argues that there are numerous causal factors for inadequate disaster communications. Communications impediments include insufficient radio infrastructure, behavioral reactions by people in stressful situations, intergovernmental relations, inadequate procedures and training, and general lethargy over the need to institute special operating policies differing from routine practices. The sole reliance upon technological solutions, without proportionate training and practice greatly reduces the effectiveness of radio patching equipment. Quite opposite from the intended effect, patching equipment, in the hands of those only minimally acclimated to radio system architecture, is likely to trigger unintended consequences of chaotic system overload (by combining two or more busy channels) and sector vulnerability (by combining unsecured general public systems with previously isolated public safety systems). Our goal is to provide a thought-provoking examination of the entire realm of emergency scene communications issues and practical recommendations beyond superficial technological solutions. DTIC
Disasters; Education; Emergencies; Feedback; Interoperability; Safety
20060018331 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
Fiber-based Coherent Lidar for Target Ranging, Velocimetry, and Atmospheric Wind Sensing
Amzajerdian, Farzin; Pierrottet, Diego; January 2006; 2 pp.; In English; 2006 CLEO/QELS: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 21-26 May 2006, Long Beach, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): 033-02-07-04; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
By employing a combination of optical heterodyne and linear frequency modulation techniques and utilizing state-of-the-art fiber optic technologies, highly efficient, compact and reliable lidar suitable for operation in a space environment is being developed. Author
Detection; Fiber Optics; Optical Heterodyning; Optical Radar; Velocity Measurement; Wind (Meteorology); Rangefinding; Targets
20060018363 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
Test and Analysis of an Inflatable Parabolic Dish Antenna
Gaspar, james L.; Sreekantamurthy, Tham; Mann, Troy; Behun, Vaughn; Romanofsky, Robert; Lambert, Kevin; Pearson, James; [2006]; 17 pp.; In English; 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 1-4 May 2006, Newport, RI, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): 23-041-20-02-01; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
NASA is developing ultra-lightweight structures technology for large communication antennas for application to space missions.With these goals in mind, SRS Technologies has been funded by NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) to undertake the development of a subscale ultra-thin membrane inflatable antenna for deep-space applications. One of the research goals is to develop approaches for prediction of the radio frequency and structural characteristics of inflatable and rigidizable membrane antenna structures. GRC has teamed with NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) to evaluate inflatable and rigidizable antenna concepts for potential space missions. GRC has completed tests to evaluate RF performance, while LaRC completed structural tests and analysis to evaluate the static shape and structural dynamic responses of a laboratory model of a 0.3 meter antenna. This paper presents the details of the tests and analysis completed to evaluate the radio frequency and structural characteristics of the antenna. Author
Parabolic Antennas; Large Space Structures; Structural Design; Technology Utilization; Inflatable Space Structures; Parabolic Reflectors
20060018367 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
Dynamic Tracker Test Apparatus
Mar 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2830 Report No.(s): AD-A444618; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA444618; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
No abstract available
Tracking (Position); Dynamic Control
20060018390 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA
Telecommunications: Broadband Deployment Is Extensive throughout the USA, but It Is Difficult to Assess the Extent of Deployment Gaps in Rural Areas
May 2006; 74 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-110746; GAO-06-426; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Both Congress and the President have indicated that access to broadband for all Americans is critically important. Broadband is seen as a critical economic engine, a vehicle for enhanced learning and medicine, and a central component of 21st century news and entertainment. As part of our response to a mandate included in the Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act of 2004, this report examines the factors that affect the deployment and the adoption of broadband services. In particular, this report provides information on (1) the current status of broadband deployment and adoption; (2) the factors that influence the deployment of broadband networks; (3) the factors that influence the adoption, or purchase, of broadband service by households; and (4) the options that have been suggested to spur greater broadband deployment and adoption. NTIS
Broadband; Deployment; Rural Areas; Telecommunication; United States
20060018404 Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN, USA
Expulsion of Miniature Radio Transmitters along with Eggs of Northern Pike and Muskellunge A New Method for Locating Critical Spawning Habitat
Pierce, R. B.; Younk, J. A.; Tomcko, C. M.; Dec. 2005; 30 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-109172; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Natural shorelines and their associated watersheds are under increasing pressure from human development that has caused degradation of fish habitat. Identification and protection of critical spawning habitat for northern pike Esox lucius and muskellunge Esox masquinongy is important for preserving the reproductive potential of both species. In this study, we implanted miniature radio transmitters through the oviduct into the egg masses of female northern pike and muskellunge just prior to spawning. This non-surgical procedure is a novel approach for identifying spawning sites if transmitters are expelled with the eggs during egg deposition. Spawning sites can then be located by finding the shed transmitters. NTIS
Eggs; Expulsion; Fishes; Habitats; Miniaturization; Position (Location); Radio Tracking; Radio Transmitters
20060018457 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
Combining Quality of Service and Topology Control in Directional Hybrid Wireless Networks
Erwin, Michael C; Mar 2006; 117 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A445194; AFIT/GOR/ENS/06-07; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA445194; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
Recent advancements in information and communications technology are changing the information environment in both quantitative and qualitative measures. The developments in directional wireless capabilities necessitate the ability to model these new capabilities, especially in dynamic environments typical of military combat operations. This thesis establishes a foundation for the definition and consideration of the unique network characteristics and requirements introduced by this novel instance of the Network Design Problem (NDP). Developed are a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) formulation and two heuristic strategies for solving the NDP. A third solution strategy using the MILP formulation with a degree-constrained Minimum Spanning Tree starting solution is also considered. The performance of the various methods are evaluated on the basis of solution quality, computation time, and other network metrics via randomly generated data sets for several different problem sizes. DTIC
Communication Networks; Quality Control; Radiotelephones; Telecommunication; Topology
20060018624 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Using Surveillance Camera Systems to Monitor Public Domains: Can Abuse Be Prevented
Nestel, III, Thomas J; Mar 2006; 92 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A445554; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA445554; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
After mainland USA suffered a violent attack upon its citizenry, Homeland Security professionals recognized the need to protect a growing number of critical infrastructure locations. Millions of dollars earmarked for emergency management programs were funneled into technologies that enabled public safety to 'do more with less.' Closed circuit television surveillance systems rocketed to the forefront as the must-have technology. Citizens of the USA became subject to video surveillance during their normal daily routines. This thesis examines the management of CCTV systems used by municipal police departments and analyzes the policies created to control the technology and prevent abuse. Using U.S. Census Bureau data, the police departments responsible for protecting the 50 largest cities were contacted and surveyed. The initial step determined what jurisdictions utilized surveillance cameras to monitor public domains. The follow-up steps gathered information about the systems being used; the management decisions regarding where to place the cameras; the training for its operators; supervision standards; the written policies regulating the department's program; analyzing those directives; and finally, presenting step-by-step recommendations for implementing CCTV surveillance systems for Homeland Security use. DTIC
Cameras; Closed Circuit Television; Security; Surveillance
20060018758 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
A Software-Based Network Infrastructure for Mobile Ad Hoc Data Networking in Support of Small Tactical Units Using the SINCGARS Radio
Brand, Steven R; Mar 2006; 104 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A445349; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Currently, there is no infrastructure in place to provide data networking to ground-based tactical units below the battalion level. Legacy, voice-centric radios, organic to these units, possesses no inherent packet switched networking capability. The infrastructure for such a network is presented in this thesis. Specifically, with the SINCGARS providing the Physical Layer, a software-implemented Data Link Layer is presented. Both an Aloha-like and a CSMA protocol are implemented for media access control. Additionally, a novel routing algorithm, Expected Relative Positioning with Congestion Avoidance (ERP/CA), is presented as the Network Layer protocol. This protocol is optimized for military application, using policies regarding movement and positioning within formations to inform its routing selections. Finally, a prototype application is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed small tactical unit, mobile ad hoc network infrastructure. The application is used in the functional testing of protocols. Results of the functional testing are presented. DTIC
Communication Networks; Radio Equipment
20060019045 Swedish Defence Research Establishment, Linkoeping, Sweden
Security Solutions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Hansson, E.; Bengtsson, A.; Vidstroem, A.; Aug. 2005; 78 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-112046; FOI-R-1694-SE; Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The purpose of this report is to first review the state of the art in mobile ad hoc networks security and then identify the security solutions that are relevant for further discussion. The work results in a conceptual security architecture. NTIS
Security; Computer Information Security; Warning Systems; Access Control
Source: NASA
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