SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 44, ISSUE 12 - JUNE 20, 2006
44 ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, and waterwave conversion systems; energy storage; and traditional power generators.
For technologies related to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics.
For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 28 Propellants and Fuels.
20060014395 Villanova Univ., PA USA
Unmanned Surface Sea Vehicle Power System Design and Modeling
Pritpal, Singh; Nov 29, 2005; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-1-0662 Report No.(s): AD-A442011; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442011; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) can serve the roles of providing Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (USR) to a fleet as well as performing Mine Countermeasure (MCM) missions. Many of these missions require some period of low observable/stealth mode operation of the USV. The focus of this report is design and modeling of a hybrid power system to meet the mission power requirement profiles. The power system of the USV is chosen to be a hybrid power source comprising a diesel generator and a lithium-ion battery pack Optimal sizing of the diesel generator and battery pack is important for ensuring successful USV missions. This report describes the characterization and modeling of 70 Ah Kokam cells using fuzzy logic analysis of the experimental data to accurately estimate the SOC, power available and the terminal voltage of this Li-Ion battery.We also describe fuzzy logic-based modeling of a diesel generator. The power required to propel the USV was estimated from a planing hull drag model. These models were combined in a complete power system level model and used to design a hybrid power system to meet both the ISR and MCM missions for an 11m USV. DTIC
Fuzzy Systems; Hybrid Propulsion; Models; Remotely Piloted Vehicles; Seas; Surface Vehicles; Systems Engineering
20060014400 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Synthesis, Structure And Properties of Electrochemically Active Nanocomposites
Kim, Il-Seok; May 1, 2003; 226 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A442021; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442021; Avail.: CASI: A11, Hardcopy
The need for miniaturization of high-speed and high-power devices to meet consumer demand for easy access and portability has placed stringent demands on the energy requirements. There is therefore a need for high-energy density lightweight energy storage systems to meet these challenging demands of portable devices. The Li-ion battery since its commercialization by Sony in 1990 is still the major choice of rechargeable energy source for portable consumer electronic devices such as camcorders, laptops and cellular phones. Since 1990 however, the materials systems used in Li-ion batteries have considerably matured. The area of cathodes has witnessed considerable research activity and a number of systems have been identified with potential capacities for use in high-energy systems. In the area of anodes however, graphite still appears to be the material of choice. There is therefore a need to identify alternative electrochemically active anode systems better than carbon that could be competitive with existing and advanced cathode systems of the future while at the same time meeting the challenges posed by high-energy devices. DTIC
Composite Materials; Electrochemistry; Nanocomposites>
20060014436 Boston Univ., Boston, MA USA
Emerging Research Initiatives in Structural Acoustics and Vibrations
McDaniel, J G; Dupont, Pierre; Chen, Wenyuan; Magliula, Elizabeth; Dec 29, 2005; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-03-1-0881 Report No.(s): AD-A442160; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442160; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Emerging Navy research needs in structural acoustics and vibrations were met by a multifaceted research approach that engaged a Boston University research team in targeted and highly relevant investigations. In one facet, Professor J. Gregory McDaniel worked closely with Applied Physical Sciences to identify and pursue high-payoff research initiatives. His active participation in working meetings with this collaborator and others, as well as his focused time commitment to the project, allowed him to produce research findings and discoveries that benefit the largest collection of Navy-related activities. In another facet, Professor Pierre Dupont performed advanced development of mechanical realization theory. This theory answered the Navy's need for rapid and cost-effective testing by the guiding the construction of emulators, which are electro-mechanical models that approximate the input-output energy flow between machinery and the foundation on which it is mounted. DTIC
Acoustics; Electromechanical Devices; Models; Structural Vibration
20060014565 Center for Army Analysis, Fort Belvoir, VA USA
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Renewable Energy Analysis For Strategic Responsiveness 3 (REASR 3)
Jones, Hugh W; Jun 2005; 65 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A442119; CAA-R-05-33; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442119; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Army installations require electric power to perform the missions assigned to them whether or not the power is used at the main post or at remote locations at the installation. Providing electric power to the main post is accomplished through the local electric company. However, for remote locations the usual source of electric power is diesel generated 1.5 kW to 200 kW power from generators using diesel fuel as the fuel stock. This report details the missions that different kinds of Army installations have to support in remote locations along with their associated electric peak power requirements. Installation energy managers at five different locations participated in a power and energy survey designed to examine alternative power source options to current and emerging mission demands. A cost-benefit analysis provided the economic under pinning to evaluate the best of four power source alternatives and to examine cost drivers. DTIC
Energy Conversion; Renewable Energy
20060014769 Army Construction Engineering Research Lab., Champaign, IL USA
DOD Residential Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Demonstration Program. Volume 2. Summary of Fiscal Year 2001-2003 Projects
White, Melissa K; Lux, Scott M; Knight, James L; Binder, Michael J; Holcomb, Franklin H; Josefik, Nicolas M; Sep 2005; 97 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A442553; ERDC/CERL TR-05-22; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442553; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
In Fiscal Year 2001 (FY01), Congress funded the Department of Defense (DoD) residential PEM Demonstration Project to demonstrate domestically-produced, residential Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells at DoD Facilities. The objectives were to: assess PEM fuel cells' role in supporting sustainability at military installations; increase efficiency in installation, operation, and maintenance of fuel cell sites; evaluate their potential in DoD training, readiness, and sustainability missions; provide a military base market for this technology; and evaluate and give feedback to promote commercialization and market growth, operational product testing and validation, grid interconnection standards, and system operation in diverse environmental conditions. This project developed and advertised a Broad Agency Announcement each fiscal year, outlining core requirements for proposals. Sixty one preproposals were received and evaluated. In FY01, six contracts were awarded (22 fuel cells at 10 military installations). In FY02, five contracts were awarded (17 fuel cells at 15 military and DOD installations). In FY03, seven contracts were awarded (30 fuel cells at 20 military and DOD installations). Awardees were required to report detailed operational performance of each of their fuel cell system installations. This report discusses FY02 and FY03 Residential PEM Demonstrations, and revisits FY01 Projects. DTIC
Fuel Cells; Membranes; Protons; Thermal Stability
20060014903 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Building Wealth Through Internal Financing of Energy Savings Performance Contracts
Pedroni, Anthony M; Dec 2005; 63 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A442862; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442862; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
The Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC) program is an important contracting avenue for federal facilities mandated to reduce overall energy consumption. Currently the program allows federal agencies to obtain private financing to pay for the infrastructure improvements that lead to reduced energy consumption. Controversy over the true cost of private financing continues to jeopardize the future of the program. The DoD could benefit from using its own resources to establish a revolving fund that replaces the private financing thus creating a self-sustaining program that increases energy 'wealth' DTIC
Contract Management; Energy Conservation; Energy Consumption; Internal Energy; United States
20060015014 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA USA
Public Health Assessment for Smalley-Piper, Collierville, Shelby County, Tennessee, May 8, 2006. EPA Facility ID: TNN000407378
May 08, 2006; 52 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-110718; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
A release of chromium more than 20 years ago has led to contaminated groundwater in Collierville, Shelby County, Tennessee. The chromium is likely from past battery casing manufacturing at the Smalley-Piper site. Chromium is now present in groundwater under and beyond the site. In 2002, chromium was detected in the raw groundwater drawn by the Town of Collierville's Water Plant 2. Traditional water treatment was unable to remove all of the chromium contamination from the raw water; therefore, the finished product public drinking water contained low levels of chromium. The Town of Collierville closed Water Plant 2 to ensure that chromium would not increase to harmful levels. Cautious actions performed by the Town of Collierville maintained all regulatory drinking water standards. The federal maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 100 parts per billion (ppb) of total chromium in public drinking water was never exceeded. A finished product water sample was analyzed at Water Plant 2 on January 27, 2003, and was found to contain 46 ppb hexavalent chromium(VI). This was the maximum concentration detected at the treatment plant prior to the closure of Water Plant 2 on December 3, 2003. Therefore, people using water from the distribution system immediately before closure are assumed to have ingested chromium at concentrations less than 46 ppb. Dilution effects within the distribution system may have lowered the concentrations substantially. No sampling of tap water was performed to confirm the level of chromium residents might have been exposed to via the municipal drinking water. NTIS
Environmental Surveys; Hazards; Health; Public Health; Tennessee
20060015084 Fritzler Resources, Inc., Fort Morgan, CO, USA
Solar Heating of Tank Bottoms. Application of Solar Heating to Asphaltic and Parrafinic Oils Reducing Fuel Costs and Greenhouse Gases due to Use of Natural Gas and Propane. (Final Report, August 2000-June 2005)
Fritzler, E. A.; Sep. 2005; 62 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-861889; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The sale of crude oil requires that the crude meet product specifications for BS&W, temperature, pour point and API gravity. The physical characteristics of the crude such as pour point and viscosity effect the efficient loading, transport, and unloading of the crude oil. In many cases, the crude oil has either a very high paraffin content or asphalt content which will require either hot oiling or the addition of diluents to the crude oil to reduce the viscosity and the pour point of the oil allowing the crude oil to be readily loaded on to the transport. Marginal wells are significantly impacted by the cost of preheating the oil to an appropriate temperature to allow for ease of transport. Highly paraffinic and asphaltic oils exist throughout the D-J basin and generally require pretreatment during cold months prior to sales. NTIS
Asphalt; Cost Reduction; Crude Oil; Economic Analysis; Greenhouse Effect; Natural Gas; Oils; Propane; Solar Heating
20060015089 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA
Enhanced-Depletion-Width GaInAs Solar Cells Grown by Molecular-Beam Epitaxy
Ptak, A. J.; Friedman, D. J.; Jan. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-860695; NREL/CP-520-37025; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
No abstract available
Depletion; Gallium Arsenides; Indium Arsenides; Molecular Beam Epitaxy; Nitrogen; Solar Cells
20060015355 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Natural Gas and Energy Security in Trinidad and Tobago, and Their Impact on U.S. Energy Policy and Caribbean Stability
Kelshal, Jason R; Dec 2005; 121 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443036; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443036; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
The current focus of the Global War on terror in the Middle East and in increased surveillance on U.S. borders has left a third border, the Caribbean, open to terrorist infiltration and attack. Large scale U.S. direct investment in the industrialized island nation of Trinidad and Tobago relative to the other islands in the region and Latin America, and the U.S. current dependence on it for the majority of its liquefied natural gas imports, makes it an attractive target for terror. While there has been reasonable research on the effects of a domestic terrorist attack on the American economy, there has been little research on the effects of an attack on one of the United State's critical energy sources. This thesis will examine this subject and analyze the possibility of such an attack and the projected dire consequences for Trinidad and Tobago, the region and U.S. energy security initiatives. This thesis will also attempt to focus on some policy implications for improved security in this area. DTIC
Caribbean Region; Energy Policy; Liquefied Natural Gas; Natural Gas; Security; Stability; Terrorism; Trinidad and Tobago
Source: NASA
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