SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 44, ISSUE 12 - JUNE 20, 2006
32 COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory.
For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; for search and rescue, see 03 Air Transportation and Safety; and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
20060013556 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, OH USA
Expanded Satellite-Based Mobile Communications Tracking System Requirements
Williams, D.; Vercoe, D.; Erlandson, P.; Wittpenn, J.; Mar. 2006; 34 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTMC75-04-F-00105 Report No.(s): PB2006-109357; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) funded this pilot test to (1) Develop generic voluntary requirements for an Expanded Satellite-Based Mobile Communications Tracking System using as a model a proprietary system that includes specific capabilities, and (2) Field test a system that meets these requirements. This document outlines the requirements for this Expanded Satellite-Based Mobile Communications Tracking System and provides a detailed breakdown of the individual technologies tested in the field test. NTIS
Mobile Communication Systems; Motor Vehicles; Satellite Communication
20060013562 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC, USA
IC3 2005 Internet Crime Report, January 1-December 31, 2005
January 2005; 32 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-109368; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In December 2003, the Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) was renamed the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) to better reflect the broad character of such criminal matters having a cyber (Internet) nexus. The 2005 Internet Crime Report is the fifth annual compilation of information on complaints received and referred by the IC3 to law enforcement or regulatory agencies for appropriate action. From January 1, 2005 - December 31, 2005, the IC3 website received 231,493 complaint submissions. This is an 11.6% increase over 2004 when 207,449 complaints were received. These filings were composed of fraudulent and non-fraudulent complaints primarily related to the Internet. In 2005, IC3 processed more than 228,400 complaints that could lead to Internet crime investigations by law enforcement and regulatory agencies nationwide. These complaints were composed of many different fraud types such as auction fraud, non-delivery, and credit/debit card fraud, as well as non-fraudulent complaints, such as computer intrusions, spam/unsolicited e-mail, and child pornography. NTIS
Crime; Internets; Law (Jurisprudence)
20060014012 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
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802.16 OFDM Rapidly Deployed Network for Near-Real-Time Collaboration of Expert Services in Maritime Security Operations
Marvin, Christopher E; Sep 2005; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A439374; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA439374; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
The world's shipping lanes are an area of intense focus in the Global War on Terror. Every day millions of tons of cargo are shipped through thousands of ports. Most cargo is harmless, however, some ships carry the weapons and human operators of terrorist organizations. To prevent the spread of weapons and terror suspects on the sea lanes, the cargo, passengers, and crew of these vessels must be subject to a level of scrutiny that is orders of magnitude greater than current efforts. The ability to rapidly extend a network and provide virtual expert services to Visit, Board, Search and Seizure (VBSS) boarding teams is crucial to protecting the USA and its allies from seaborne terror attacks and infiltration. This thesis uses scenario-based experimentation to examine the methods for implementing near-real-time collaborative work spaces in a virtual environment able to support VBSS operation anywhere in the world, limited only by network connectivity. The use of collaborative tools vastly increases the amount, type, and accuracy of information that can be processed. Radiation detection or classification and biometric fusion are among the hundreds of virtual collaborative sources that can be leveraged as force multipliers to bring network centric warfare to the maritime security domain. DTIC
Cargo Ships; Communication Networks; Data Transmission; Deployment; Frequency Division Multiplexing; Real Time Operation; Security; Seizures; Wireless Communication
20060014296 Defense Acquisition Univ., Alexandria, VA USA
Development and Analysis of Integrated C4ISR Architectures
Giammarco, Kristin; Carlomusto, Michael; Lock, J D; Jan 2005; 19 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A441761; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441761; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The U.S. Army continues to struggle with creating doctrinally correct, robust, consistent, and all-inclusive operational, system, and technical views based on the Department of Defense Architecture Framework. Having detailed, integrated, and up-to-date architecture views is essential to answering questions involving alternative system designs and operating procedures, conducting gap, overlap, and connectivity analyses among programs of record, and providing traceable data upon which to base near- and far-term acquisition decisions as the armed services undergo Transformation. This paper presents an overview of the Communications- Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) methodology for developing and utilizing integrated architecture products for the purposes of C4ISR System-of-Systems engineering analyses. DTIC
Command and Control; Systems Engineering
20060014394 Defense Acquisition Univ., Alexandria, VA USA
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Effects of Defense Globalization: An Examination of Current and Future Command and Control Collaborations
Switzer, Sandra P; Stropki, Michael A; Jan 2005; 23 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A441995; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441995; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The objective of this research is to address the need for multilateral command and control interoperability.
We will examine the issues associated with technology transfers and the political environment that could influence future collaboration of multinational defense industries toward migrating into global defense industry markets.
To better understand interoperability and its multiple dimensions, we conducted literature reviews (primarily focused on Europe and NATO members), held interviews with subject matter experts, and surveyed several current transatlantic collaborative efforts.
Our research presents the culmination and implications of our findings, as well as identifies areas requiring additional research to address specific interoperability challenges. DTIC
Command and Control; Interoperability
20060014543 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
Winning with Words: Strategic Communications and the War on Terrorism
Haddock, Ellen K; Thompson, Paul; Rabon, Jimmy; Jan 2002; 37 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A441620; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441620; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Osama bin Laden used terror to shock and demoralize the American public, to discredit American's strength, and to reduce support for American involvement abroad-and it worked. Part of his success can be attributed to his strategic use of communications. The wrenching visuals of commercial airliners-turned-missiles slamming into the World Trade Center, followed by his pre-recorded videos, and the media coverage of anti-American demonstrations, all served to advance bin Laden's messages. These well-timed, well-placed, and extremely effective messages were designed to exploit our open and ubiquitous news media, with non-stop coverage amplifying the destruction, and increasing the fear. DTIC
Terrorism; Warfare
20060014555 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
US Wars and the CNN Factor
Al-Allaf, Mohammed; Apr 20, 2001; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A441518; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441518; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The invention of the radio at the turn of the 19th century led to substantial changes in the conduct of war at the strategic, operational and tactical levels. Strategically, it allowed the concept of 'strategic bombing' to emerge. Operationally, it offered new approaches to military navigation and electronic warfare. Tactically, it opened new horizons for command and control in the battlefield. At the outset of the 21st century, uninterrupted, real-time global TV coverage is poised to carry out a similar function with even broader options and scenarios. The extensive engagement of international media in modern warfare has made it an influential component of armed conflicts, significantly affecting the conduct of US military campaigns. The news media today, equipped with the most sophisticated communications technology, is capable of performing even more powerful functions, and may well force dramatic changes at the national security, military strategy, and operational levels of war. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of the CNN factor on US national security policy, national military and operational strategies and to highlight the requirement for policy makers and military strategists to accommodate the CNN factor in planning their future military campaigns. I will briefly trace the history of the military media relations, examine the evolvement of media's powerful technological capabilities in a fast-paced, information-intensive, wartime environment, and then address the CNN factor in relation to its ever-growing role in US wars. DTIC
Command and Control; Electronic Warfare; Military Operations; Military Technology; Strategy
20060014570 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
Chaos, Complexity, and the Military
Gore, John; Jan 1996; 15 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A441996; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441996; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This paper examines chaos and complexity theory two aspects of the 'new science' that has sought to push beyond the Newtonian scientific paradigm that continues to define the core of Western scientific inquiry. Whereas the Newtonian paradigm is concerned with deterministic mechanics, linear causality, and reductionism, advancements in computers and computational mathematics. particularly over the past 20 or 30 years, have provided new tools for the study of non-linear dynamic processes. The new science postulates that structure and deterministic rules lie buried within nonlinear processes that have been largely unaccounted for by Newtonian concepts. Although still open to some significant challenges, the new science represents the potential for a more profound 'paradigm shift' in the Western world view than Alvin and Heidi Toffler's popularized formulation of a deterministic, technology-driven, and historically simplistic 'ThirdWave' shift from an industrial to an information age. DTIC
Chaos; Command and Control; Military Technology
20060014716 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
The Navigation Potential of Signals of Opportunity-Based Time Difference of Arrival Measurements
Fisher, Kenneth A; May 2005; 256 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A442340; AFIT/DS/ENG/05-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442340; Avail.: CASI: A12, Hardcopy
This research introduces the concept of navigation potential, NP, to quantify the intrinsic ability to navigate using a given signal. NP theory is a new, information theory-like concept that provides a theoretical performance limit on estimating navigation parameters from a received signal that is modeled through a stochastic mapping of the transmitted signal and measurement noise. NP theory is applied to SOP-based TDOA systems in general as well as for the Gaussian case. Furthermore, the NP is found for a received signal consisting of the transmitted signal, multiple delayed and attenuated replicas of the transmitted signal, and measurement noise. Multipath-based NP captures the dominant error source foreseen in SOP-based navigation systems and may be more indicative of actual system performance than non-multipath-based metrics. NP theory applies to signals other than SOP. As an example, NP is used to bound GPS correlation error performance for the multipath and no-multipath case. DTIC
Estimates; Global Positioning System; Navigation; Time Response
20060014762 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA
On Satellite Multicast to Heterogeneous Receivers3
Tunpan, Apinun; Corson, M S; Jan 2001; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A442517; CSHCN-TR-2001-16; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442517; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We propose a framework for single-source, satellite-based multi-cast dissemination of bulk files. The framework trades off between reception delay and bandwidth usage and coexists with terrestrial background network traffic; specifically TCP traffic utilizing a short-term congestion control mechanism. The framework consists of two major components: 1) a multi-cast rate scheduling mechanism that uses long term. end-to-end multi-cast packet survival statistics in order to deal with the bandwidth-delay trade-off issue, and 2) a fair queueing algorithm that regulates the points where multicast traffic from the satellite meets terrestrial background traffic. We show through simulation the performance of this framework under a number of scenarios. DTIC
Heterogeneity; Receivers; Satellite Communication
20060014785 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA
An Adaptive Hybrid FEC/ARQ Protocol Using Turbo Codes for Multi-Media Transmission of ATM over Wireless Networks
Chan, Wai-Chung; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1997; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL01-96-2-0002 Report No.(s): AD-A442645; CSHCN-TR-97-37; ISR-TR-97-95; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442645; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
This paper describes a type-II adaptive hybrid FEC/ARQ protocol using turbo codes for both voice and data services. Recently, a powerful family of error correcting codes using parallel concatenated convolutional codes is introduced. Near-Shannon-limit is achievable by such codes. For example, a bit error rate of 10(exp -5) can be achieved at E(sub 0)/N(sub 0) = 0.7 dB using a rate 1/2 code or at about 2.5 dB if fewer iterations are used in decoding. Given the promising performance of the codes, it is expected that the performance of an adaptive FEC/ARQ protocol employing turbo codes will be better than protocols using other error correcting codes. Rate compatible turbo codes are used in the protocol. Extra parity bits corresponding to a lower rate turbo code will be transmitted if the previous transmission leads to a decoding error. For real-time services, the number of retransmissions is limited to one so as to limit the delay. For data services, the number of retransmissions is unlimited to provide a reliable communication link. Results in terms of throughput are obtained for the adaptive FEC/ARQ protocol using compatible rate 1/2 and rate 1/4 turbo codes. DTIC
Adaptation; Asynchronous Transfer Mode; Automatic Repeat Request; Communication Networks; Radiotelephones
20060015052 State Univ. of New York, Utica, NY USA
Constraints and Approaches for Distributed Mobile AD-HOC Network Security
Fitzgibbons, Patrick W; Das, Digen; Hash, Larry J; Nov 2005; 131 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-03-2-0012; Proj-2301 Report No.(s): AD-A442043; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442043; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy
This document describes our SAFEMITS network constraints and key management approaches research for year 2. As a first step SUNYIT research team has researched mobile ad-hoc network technology and the unique communications environment in which it will be deployed. We have identified the requirements specific to our problem of providing key management for confidentially and group-level authentication. We have also identified constraints, particularly energy consumption that render this problem difficult. DTIC
Communication Networks; Computer Information Security
20060015102 Trusted Information Systems, Inc., Glenwood, MD USA
GINSU: Guaranteed Internet Stack Utilization
Knobbe, Roger; Purtell, Andrew; Nov 2005; 34 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-01-C-1973; Proj-ARPS Report No.(s): AD-A442047; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442047; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
To design and implement an alternative IP host stack capable of guaranteeing availability of the stack to individual processes running on a computer. An IP host stack implementation is an important element of any networked host's operating system. Guaranteeing availability of network access requires a survivable host stack implementation as an alternative to today's IP host stack implementation. DTIC
Communication Networks; Internets
20060015154 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Configuration and Management of Wireless Sensor Networks
Kim, Min Y; Dec 2005; 149 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443000; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443000; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are expected to play an essential role In the upcoming age or pervasive computing. As a new research area, there are several open problems that need to he investigated. One such problem is configuration cod management or WSNs. To deploy sensors efficiently in a wide area, a need to consider coverage, purpose and geographic situation. By considering these elements, we can make general deployment strategies. Another issue is management or various sensors in Ida area. To handle these issues, we need approaches from different view, management levels, WSN functionalities, and management functional areas. To this thesis, I describe some of the key configuration and management problems in WSNs. Then, I present a newly developed application to address these problems. DTIC
Communication Networks; Configuration Management; Wireless Communication
20060015370 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA
When Good Comms Go Bad: Communications Recovery for Multi-Robot Teams
Ulam, Patrick; Arkin, Ronald C; Jan 2004; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCH1020012 Report No.(s): AD-A443157; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443157; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Ad-hoc networks among groups of autonomous mobile robots are becoming a common occurrence as teams of robots take on increasingly complicated missions over wider areas. Research has often focused on proactive means in which the individual robots of the team may prevent communication failures between nodes in this network. This is not always possible especially in unknown or hostile environments. This research addresses reactive aspects of communication recovery. How should the members of the team react in the event of unseen communication failures between some or all of the nodes in the network? We present a number of behaviors to be utilized in the event of communications failure as well as a behavioral sequencer to further enhance the effectiveness of these recovery behaviors. The performance of the communication recovery behaviors is analyzed in simulation and their application on hardware platforms is discussed. DTIC
Communication Networks; Robots
20060015404 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Are You Managing Your Email - Or is Email Managing You? An Analysis of Email Among Personnel Within Army Project Management Offices
Baroni, Brian; Cook, Linda; Keitelman, Marian; Miller, Steven; Wardle, Adelia; Dec 2005; 133 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443233; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443233; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy
Based on a class project that developed leadership communication competencies for seven levels of Army civilians, email was found to be the most prevalent means of communication, regardless of leadership level. Additionally, there was a widespread perception that email communication needs to be improved. This thesis seeks to explore the clarity, efficiency and effectiveness of email among personnel within Army project management offices. This study included four phases: 1) a review of the relevant literature, 2) a log of email received by five project officer's in the US Army Project Management Office, 3) a questionnaire to gather data about email usage in the Project Management Office, and 4) a thematic analysis of a sample of problematic emails. The findings suggest that an overwhelming volume of email, perception that email responses must be expeditious, and the prevalence of enabling technology, contribute most significantly to email overload. Recommendations include the proposal to initiate corporate email policy and training, thus standardizing best practices and regulating email usage. DTIC
Electronic Mail; Personnel; Project Management
20060015426 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in a High Noise, Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Environment With Co-Channel Interference
Grant, Andrew G; Dec 1, 2005; 69 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443266; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443266; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is fast becoming the signal modulation technique of choice for many commercial and military wireless applications. Its resilience to cochannel interference and bandwidth efficiency make it ideal for many different applications. With its increasing popularity among disparate facets of society, it becomes likelier that enemy militaries and/or nonmilitary combatants will utilize the technique or a system that uses the technique. In light of this development, the need to develop techniques and algorithms to enable detection becomes apparent. This thesis will attempt to develop a model for OFDM and measure its performance in a multipath, outdoor environment with low signal-to-noise ratio, high noise and cochannel interference. Because of the unpredictability of the outdoor environment and the proliferation of various OFDM standards, the simulation will utilize only one algorithm for modeling outdoor environments and the IEEE 802.11a standard. DTIC
Electromagnetic Interference; Frequency Division Multiplexing; Signal to Noise Ratios
20060015431 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below-Blue Force Tracking (FBCB2-BFT). A Case Study in the Accelerated Acquisition of a Digital Command and Control System during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom
Conaster, James L; Grizio, Vincent E; Dec 2005; 73 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443273; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443273; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
The purpose of this project is to provide a process for accelerated acquisition in support of contingency operations. The objective of the project is to recreate and document the events surrounding the fielding of FBCB2-BFT during Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom, and to produce a document that provides an analysis of actions taken, the obstacles that were overcome and the acquisition policy that applied to the situation in order to rapidly acquire, produce, train and field a useful solution to fulfill an urgent and valid operational need. In 2002, while conducting the Global War on Terror, the US Army determined that combat on an asymmetric battlefield, consisting of a complex operational environment as well as an increased geographic battlespace, required improvements to the current command and control capability available to the force. PM FBCB2 determined their system could fulfill the need by taking the current FBCB2 system and adjusting it to meet the new operational need. Given the constraints regarding time, funding, and technical feasibility PM FBCB2 diligently worked with multiple organizations and agencies in order to provide a useful solution for friendly forces in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. In the 12 months prior to 21 March 2003 (G-Day Iraqi Freedom), the Army undertook an enormous effort to develop, produce, provide system training, and field FBCB2-BFT. The FBCB2-BFT initiative was successful due to the synchronization of four interrelated and supporting components; 1) a technically mature system, 2) user representative acceptance, 3) senior leadership support, and 4) a funding stream. DTIC
Acquisition; Color; Command and Control; Digital Command Systems; Digital Systems; Situational Awareness
20060015443 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Performance Evaluation of a Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
Cheng Kiat Amos, Teo; Dec 2005; 81 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443307; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443307; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
The ability to sense and monitor a variety of environmental conditions using un-tethered sensors offers a significant change over traditional sensing systems that need to be strategically positioned and have topologies engineered. As such, recent research into wireless sensor networks has attracted great interest due to its diversity of applications, ranging in areas such as home, health, environmental and military applications. In this thesis, the evaluation of a routing protocol developed by Crossbow Technologies called XMesh, is presented. The main components of the routing protocol are described and the routing algorithm explained. Experiments were conducted to determine the connectivity ranges of motes in different transmission power settings. The relationship of mote transmission power and network connectivity is presented. An energy efficiency study looked at the means of extending the lifespan of the network. Although, packet losses during the period of a node failure were significant, the routing protocol showed that it was able to adapt and reorganize to provide reliable and stable routing in a network. DTIC
Communication Networks; Evaluation; Performance Tests; Protocol (Computers)
20060015452 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Wireless Smart Shipboard Sensor Network
Nozik, Andrew B; Dec 2005; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443323; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443323; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
This thesis studies the feasibility of developing a smart shipboard sensor network. The objective of the thesis is to prove that sensors can be made smart by keeping calibration constants and other relevant data such as network information stored on the sensor and a server computer. Study will focus on the design and implementation of an Ipsil IP 8930 microcontroller, which is then connected, by the standard TCP/IP implementation, to a network where the sensor information can be seen using a web page. The information to make the sensor smart will be stored on the Ipsil chip and server computer and can by accessed by a HTML based program. By taking pre-computed calibration constants that minimize the measurement errors and writing them through the web page stored in the Ipsil chip s EEPROM, the calibrated sensor reading can be calculated. The expected contribution from the research effort would be a reduction in manpower, increased efficiency, and a greater awareness of plant and equipment operation among naval vessels, specifically the DDX. Hardware is relatively inexpensive, eliable, and COTS (Commercial Off the Shelf) available. If implemented, a Smart Shipboard Sensor Network would allow the watch standers, CHENG, OOD, and CO, to all see the same information about the ship s engineering plant and equipment. A prototype sensor test bed was constructed in the laboratory, which consists of an Ipsil IP 8930 microcontroller, a Linksys LAN router, and a Dell Inspiron 9300 laptop. The newly developed smart sensor was successfully demonstrated. DTIC
Networks; Radiotelephones
20060015459 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
Characterization of Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) Systems Coexisting With Other Wideband Signals
Hedenberg, John M; Dec 2005; 74 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443336; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443336; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Results for modeling, simulation, and analysis of interference effects that modern interfering signals have on the system performance of the Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) signals, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) Military System (M-Code signal) are addressed in this work. Three signals are addressed as potential interferers. These include the current GPS clear/acquisition code (C/A-Code) signal, the current GPS precision code (P-Code) signal, and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) signal. All of these potential interferers are modeled as coexisting within the same bandwidth as the M-Code signal. Interference effects are characterized by comparing the bit error performance of a simulated M-Code system independently and then with the coexisting signal present. The results indicate that the GPS C/A-Code and P-Code signals can exceed the M-Code received power by over 25 dB before the M-Code system performance is degraded. The OFDM interference results indicate that the M-Code system is more sensitive to coexistence with a signal of this type; the M-Code system is significantly degraded with OFDM signals just over 30 dB stronger than the M-Code signal. DTIC
Broadband; Global Positioning System; Navigation Satellites
20060015591 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
So, You Want to Be a J6?
Quagliotti, Marilyn A; Jan 1994; 16 pp.; In English 106 Report No.(s): AD-A440994; NDU/NWC-94-E-66; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA440994; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
During the past 10 years, three significant USA Military Operations have been conducted by three separate CINCs. Despite communication success, failure, and documented lessons learned following these operations, the J6 on a CINC's staff does not have a published framework for communications planning. This essay proposes such a framework using lessons learned from recent military experiences: Grenada (Urgent Fury, 1983), Panama (Just Cause, 1988), and the liberation of Kuwait (Desert Shield\Storm, 1990). Communications Planning for the operational level of war requires that the following broad categories be considered for planning and execution: (1) Identify Command Structure and Command Relationships, including the Joint Communications Electronic Operating Instructions (JCEOI) and interoperability problems; (2) Land Management; (3) Circuit Switch Network Planning; (4) Message Switch Network Planning; (5) Data Network Connectivity; (6) Theater Frequency Management; (7) Personal Computer Use in the Theater; (8) Functional Area Architectures, including intelligence systems, fire support systems, air defense systems, air space management, imagery systems, theater ballistic warning systems, air tasking order systems, and logistics; (9) Communication Packages for Liaison Teams; (10) Small Planning Considerations that have a direct impact on mission success, such as comsec keys, software configuration management, IFF codes, and tactical telephone directories; (11) Navigation and Global Positioning System (GPS); (12) Satellite Access Priorities; (13) Evaluation of Components Communications Support; (14) Threats to C3 Systems; (15) Combat Camera Crews; (16) CNN Terminals and Media Support; and (17) Morale and Welfare Telephone Calls. DTIC
Command and Control; Grenada; Military Operations; Panama; Persian Gulf; Planning; Warfare
20060015621 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington, VA USA
Multicast Routing in Mobile Adhoc Networks Using Source Grouped Flooding
Chandrashekar, Karthikeyan; Jan 2003; 119 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A441833; CSHCN-MS-2003-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441833; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Ad hoc networks are peer to peer, autonomous networks comprised of wireless mobile devices. The ease and speed of deployment of these networks makes them ideal for battlefield communications, disaster recovery and other such applications where fixed infrastructure is not readily available. Limited bandwidth, energy constraints and unpredictable network topologies pose difficult problems for the design of applications for these networks. The last couple of years has seen renewed research in this field. Specifically in unicast and multicast routing and security issues. In this thesis, we address the multicast routing problem for ad hoc networks. DTIC
Networks; Autonomy; Wireless Communication
20060015628 Defense Acquisition Univ., Alexandria, VA USA
Social Networking Analysis: One of the First Steps in Net-Centric Operations
Edison, Tom; Jan 2005; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A442063; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442063; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Improving net-centric operations (NCO) implementation and transformation initiatives are key focus areas across the Department of Defense (DoD). More specifically, the Defense Acquisition University (DAU) assisted the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Office of Force Transformation (OFT) in its efforts to create opportunities to align with academic institutions and accomplish research on specific NCO topics. For example, a three-day class was conducted at DAU on the key processes and concepts involved in implementing NCO. One key concept presented in the class was social networking analysis (SNA). This article will review some of the concepts and theories of SNA, the history of research in the field, and how this management tool can enhance DoD transformation to a net-centric operation. DTIC
Communication Networks; Military Technology
20060015743 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA
Defense Acquisitions. DOD Management Approach and Processes Not Well-Suited to Support Development of Global Information Grid
Sullivan, Michael J; Oppenheim, John; Ahearn, Marie; Chin, Lily; Christenson, Joel; Jones, Lauren M; Schwenn, Ron; Tallon, Jay; Tran, Hai; Woodward, Susan; Jan 2006; 41 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations 107 Report No.(s): AD-A443380; GAO-06-211; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443380; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
DOD's management approach for the GIG, in which no one entity is clearly in charge or accountable for results, is not optimized to enforce investment decisions across the department. The DOD Chief Information Officer has lead responsibility for the GIG development effort, but this office has less influence on investment and program decisions than the military services and defense agencies, which determine investment priorities and manage program development efforts. Consequently, the services and defense agencies have relative freedom to invest or not invest in the types of joint, net-centric systems that are consistent with GIG objectives. Without a management approach optimized to enforce department-wide investment decisions, DOD is at risk of not knowing whether the GIG is being developed within cost and on schedule, whether risks are being adequately mitigated, or whether the GIG will provide a worthwhile return on DOD's investment. GAO is recommending DOD adopt a management approach with more clearly defined leadership, authority to enforce investment decisions across organizational lines, and accountability for ensuring the objectives of the GIG are achieved. DOD concurred with GAO's recommendation. DTIC
Communication Networks; Defense Program
20060015748 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA
Improvised Explosive Devices in Iraq: Effects and Countermeasures
Wilson, Clay; Nov 23, 2005; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A443388; CRS-RS22330; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443388; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are responsible for many of the more than 2,000 deaths and numerous casualties suffered by U.S. and coalition forces since the invasion of Iraq. The bombs have been hidden behind signs and guardrails, under roadside debris, or inside animal carcasses, and encounters with IEDs are becoming more numerous and deadly. The threat has expanded to include vehicle-borne IEDs, where insurgents drive cars laden with explosives directly into a targeted group of service members. Department of Defense (DoD) efforts to counter IEDs have proven only marginally effective, and U.S. forces continue to be exposed to the threat at military checkpoints, or whenever riding in vehicles in Iraq. DoD reportedly expects that mines and IEDs will continue to be weapons of choice for insurgents for the near term in Iraq, and is also concerned that they might eventually become more widely used by other insurgents and terrorists worldwide. This report will be updated as events warrant. DTIC
Countermeasures; Electronic Countermeasures; Explosive Devices; Explosives; Explosives Detection; Iraq; Mines (Ordnance)
20060015915 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA USA
Advanced Wireless Integrated Navy Network (AWINN)
Stutzman, Warren; Habayeb, Rick; Dec 31, 2005; 129 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-05-1-0179 Report No.(s): AD-A443688; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443688; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy
Quarterly progress report No. 4 on AWINN hardware and software configurations of smart, wideband, multi-function antennas, secure configurable platform, close-in command and control for Sea Basing visualization of wireless technologies, Ad Hoc networks, network protocols, real-time resource allocation, Ultra Wideband (UWB) communications network and ranging sensors, cross layer optimization and network interoperability. DTIC
Communication Networks; Navy; Wireless Communication
20060015937 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USA
Image Based Acquisition and Tracking for Multi-Access Laser Communications
Hindman, Charles W; Lacy, Seth L; Hatten, Nicole; Jan 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443715; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443715; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Long-range laser communications links offer many potential advantages to satellite communications systems including high bandwidth, security, and a small physical footprint. However, the establishment of a laser communications link can be very difficult and time consuming due to the extremely small beam divergences and stringent platform stability requirements inherent to lasercom systems. Most of the difficulty lies in the first step of actually painting the partner terminal with a laser spot or detecting said spot due to large uncertainties, terminal vibrations and jitter, bright optical backgrounds and clutter. A detailed physical and statistical model of this first detection process has been developed and verified against computer simulations using representative background images to ensure the success of this critical first step in the acquisition process. DTIC
Multiple Access; Optical Communication; Target Acquisition
20060015950 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA
The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) and the Army's Future Combat System (FCS): Issues for Congress
Feickert, Andrew; Nov 17, 2005; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A443737; CRS-RL33161; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443737; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) is a Department of Defense (DoD) program that would play a significant role in the U.S. Army's proposed Future Combat System (FCS) program. JTRS, envisioned as a family of software programmable radios, has been described as the 'backbone' of the FCS and is intended to link the 18 manned and unmanned systems that would constitute FCS. Two JTRS sub-programs managed by the Army -- Cluster One and Cluster Five -- have experienced developmental difficulties, delays, and cost overruns that call into question their viability. This report will be updated on a periodic basis. This report reviews the history of the JTRS procurement; current issues, including size and weight constraints and limited range, security, interoperability with legacy radio systems, Cluster One stop work order, JTRS alternatives,and Boeing's retention of Cluster One contract; experimentation and spin out one; program restructuring; program budget issues; recent Congressional actions; and issues for Congress, including the viability of the Cluster One Program, security, and JTRS alternatives. For a more detailed description of the FCS program, see CRS Report RL32888, 'The Army's Future Combat System (FCS): Background and Issues for Congress,' by Andrew Feickert.
DTIC Combat; Costs; Defense Program; Procurement; Radio Equipment
20060016029 Toyon Research Corp., Goleta, CA USA
An Automated Tool for Mission Planning in GPS-Denied Areas
Grace, Michael; Stieber, Peter; Minarik, Steven; Tanju, Bereket; Escobar, Fernando; Jan 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443831; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
GPS is critical to many military and civilian systems. It is therefore incumbent upon operational planners to ensure GPS integrity to friendly military forces and civilians, provide protection from GPS-guided weapons, and conduct testing of advanced, anti-jam equipment for use in GPS-denied areas. In order to support these complementary planning functions, the Navy is developing a software toolbox to evaluate GPS performance in specific scenarios, to automatically optimize vehicle routes to avoid GPS jamming, and to optimize placement and configuration of self-protection jammers or jammers used in testing anti-jam GPS equipment. The toolbox includes multiple optimization algorithms, various propagation algorithms suited to different conditions, a flexible software architecture for controlling optimization, and an intuitive graphical user interface. Aprototype version of the toolbox has been delivered to the Navy. This paper describes the design and features of the software and presents an example of optimal jammer placement for an equipment test scenario. DTIC
Global Positioning System; Mission Planning; Planning; Software Development Tools
Source: NASA
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