SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 44, ISSUE 12 - JUNE 20, 2006
03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; airport ground operations; flight safety and hazards; and aircraft accidents.
Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft and to airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air).
Air traffic control is covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation.
For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
20060014385 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
Spatial Orientation Retention Device - Current Status
Albery, William B; Sep 2005; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-7184 Report No.(s): AD-A441896; AFRL-HE-WP-TP-2005-0010; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441896; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
A multi-sensory aircraft attitude tool is described that will allow the pilot to canalize his/her attention and perform out-the-cockpit visual tasks without having to continuously bring his/her vision back into the cockpit to monitor aircraft attitude instruments. Aircraft attitude information currently displayed on head-down displays (HDD) and head-up displays (HUD) is supplemented by tactile cues, audio cues, and helmet-mounted symbology that reinforce attitude information about the state of the aircraft in real time. Tactile and audio cues give the pilot information about the airspeed, altitude, heading and bank and pitch of the aircraft without having to constantly monitor in-cockpit HUD and HDD displays. The Spatial Orientation Retention Device (SORD) will help reduce pilot workload by reassuring the pilot about his/her aircraft attitude and eliminate the requirement of having to focus on the cockpit displays. SORD is currently undergoing evaluation in the Air Force Research Laboratory in both a fixed-base and dynamic flight simulators. DTIC
Attitude (Inclination); Attitude Control; Display Devices
20060014558 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
Information Technology: A Difference in Scope or Kind
Gibson, Marke F; Apr 24, 1996; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A441448; NDU/NWC-96-E-68; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441448; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
I started this paper as an investigation of Real Time Information to the Cockpit (RTIC) which involves providing information from one sensor to one shooter However, I quickly found myself drawn into an investigation of something much larger and I believe, much more fundamental. Are we at the verge of a 'revolution' in warfare? This paper proposes that we in the military have yet to answer the fundamental questions surrounding information technology's impact on operations, organization, or doctrine. In typical fashion we have attacked the hardware problems and left the tougher issues of doctrine and implementation until later Well, 'later' has arrived and the quicker we come to grips with these most fundamental issues the better -- for both our military and our nation. DTIC
Architecture (Computers); Data Systems
20060014613 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
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Performance Evaluation of a Forward Arming and Refueling Point (FARP) Using Discrete Event Simulation
Lewis, Jeremy R; Jun 7, 2005; 61 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A442595; AFIT/MLM/ENS/05-08; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442595; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Forward arming and refueling point (FARP) operations were developed to reduce the time between turns for helicopters while conducting missions. The FARP has proven to save time and increase the time-on-target for each aircraft sortie. This time-saving FARP configuration has been used by aviation units for many years. While in many cases the FARP setup is determined based on several factors, typically a thorough analysis is not completed to determine the best configuration for the FARP. A FARP may not provide adequate points to meet mission turn-around, or maybe a FARP has too many points, increasing the FARP footprint and increasing its vulnerability. Determining the optimal FARP configuration could provide substantial benefits to FARP operations. The research showed that the throughput of the FARP is dependent on several different variables. In most cases, the throughput of the FARP increased with increases in points, aircraft, and enemy. However, the research showed that the FARP as a system eventually becomes constrained by service time, and the FARP reaches a maximum throughput in a 24-hour period. Understanding this maximum capacity can help a planner determine how many FARPs would be needed for different mission sets. This research also provides planning charts that can be used for actual mission planning and a model in which the planning factors can be changed to produce new charts for mission planning. DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Evaluation; Helicopters; Performance Tests; Refueling; Simulation
20060014786 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA
Methodologies for Predicting and Testing the Effects of Combat Damage on Flight Envelopes
Farhat, Charbel; Dec 31, 2004; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0052 Report No.(s): AD-A442648; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442648; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Survivability of an aircraft in combat is achieved by not getting hit, or withstanding the effects of any suffered hits. To assess the latter aspect of survivability of a given military aircraft, live-fire tests are performed on its wings. However, these tests may fail to provide accurate and complete vulnerability assessments, because the static and quasi-static ground loading techniques they currently rely on do not replicate the loads encountered during flight, and do not account for changes in structural stiffness and mass after damage infliction. Furthermore, current live-fire tests do not address the damage-induced changes to the flight mechanics and aeroelastic stability of an aircraft; these changes can lead to the abortive impairment of the ability of this aircraft to accomplish its designated mission, or cause its premature failure. For these reasons, the present AFOSR Grant F49620-03-1-0052, entitled 'Methodologies for Predicting and Testing the Effects of Combat Damage on Flight Envelopes,' focuses on developing a numerical simulation technology for predicting the consequences of battle damage on the flight and flutter envelopes of fighters, assessing the impact of several contributors to aircraft survivability, and assisting in the development of new dynamic live-fire ground testing methodologies that may remedy the shortcomings of current static ground-testing techniques. DTIC
Combat; Damage; Fighter Aircraft; Flight Envelopes; Flight Tests; Predictions; Simulation
20060015015 Bechtel Nevada Corp., Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Identification of Aircraft Hazards
Mar. 2005; 76 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-861925; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Aircraft hazards were determined to be potentially applicable to a repository at Yucca Mountain in the Monitored Geological Repository External Events Hazards Screening Analysis (BSC 2004, Section 6.4.1). That determination was conservatively based on limited knowledge of flight data in the area of concern and on crash data for aircraft of the type flying near Yucca Mountain. The purpose of this report is to identify specific aircraft hazards that may be applicable to a Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) at Yucca Mountain using NURIZG-0800, Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants (NRC 1987, Section 3.5.1.6), as guidance for the inclusion or exclusion of identified aircraft hazards. NUREG-0800 is being used here as a reference because some of the same considerations apply. The intended use of this report is to provide inputs for further screening and analysis of the identified aircraft hazards based on the criteria that apply to Category 1 and 2 event sequence analyses as defined in 10 CFR 63.2. The scope of this technical report includes the evaluation of military, private, and commercial use of airspace in the 100-mile regional setting of the MGR at Yucca Mountain with the potential for reducing the regional setting to a more manageable size after consideration of applicable screening criteria. NTIS
Hazards; Mountains; Aircraft
20060015024 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA
Aircraft Maintenance Intuitive Troubleshooting (AMIT)
Curtis, Christopher K; Nov 2005; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2830 Report No.(s): AD-A441890; AFRL-HE-WP-TP-2005-0014; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA441890; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The goal of Aircraft Maintenance Intuitive Troubleshooting (AMIT) is to create job-aiding software, compatible with existing computer systems, that will tell maintenance technicians what is really wrong with aircraft faster and more accurately than ever before. DTIC
Aircraft Maintenance; Computer Systems Programs
20060015027 Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, Washington, DC USA
System-of-Systems Engineering for Air Force Capability Development: Executive Summary and Annotated Brief
Saunders, Thomas; Croom, Charles; Austin, Wanda; Brock, John; Crawford, Natalie; Endsley, Mica; Glasgow, Ed; Hastings, Dan; Levis, Alex; Murray, Richard; Jul 2005; 98 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A442612; SAB-TR-05-04; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442612; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
Over the past several years, it has become increasingly apparent that although the USA Air Force buys systems in isolation, it does not use systems in isolation. An ever-changing mix of systems, which enable their warfighting capabilities, supports the missions of the Air Force. In an ideal world, the Air Force would build each system involved to satisfy specific and well-understood requirements. Then, each system would fit into its pre-established USAF role supporting whatever capability military leaders called upon for action. The reality is that the Air Force does not build all systems through a homogenous acquisition and development process, it does not use all systems in ways foretold at their inception, and not all systems find themselves used among predicted interface partners. Especially in wartime, the exigencies of war sometimes force a reconfiguration among systems or even demand systems behave in ways that create new capabilities. When such changes occur, the users in the field oftentimes find the tasks associated with reengineering interconnections among systems falls upon them. Increasingly, awareness of the need to support fungible interconnection among systems has driven the Air Force and systems engineers to start thinking about the demands of system-of-systems configurations and the engineering issues associated with building and supporting them. The 'System-of-Systems Engineering for Air Force Capability Development' study was chartered to address the challenge of developing systems-of-systems that are more effective. The study panel conducted this study in response to a request by the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. DTIC
Annotations; Military Operations; Systems Engineering; Systems Integration
20060015034 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
Retreat from the Web: The Shift in USA Air Power Theory
Riggins, Jim; Nov 2, 1998; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A442702; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442702; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Ironically, Operation DESERT STORM was at once a victory for air power theorists, and a shift away from fundamental air power theory since 1917. Coalition air power in 1991 did not contribute to the defeat of Iraq by collapsing the nation, but by degrading the military and stripping away Iraq's security. The war's conduct signaled that USA (U.S.) air power theory is shifting focus toward a counter-military strategy, and away from attacks on the societal fabric or national will. Five elements justify and cause this change: American morality, lessons of history, costs of nation-building, increased information flow, and evolving technology. This shift is not only appropriate within the current global strategic situation, it should go further. However, this shift is only appropriate today because of the strong relative air power advantage the US holds over potential adversaries. The danger is that this fleeting window of asymmetric superiority will slam shut before war fighting theory sufficiently evolves. This paper traces the evolution of US air power theory. It will illustrate the recent shift in air power theory today and discuss why the change should progress even more The paper's scope is limited, however, to a discussion of conventional, inter-state warfare between modern nations-the 'major theater war' construct of current Department of Defense strategic planning. DTIC
United States; Warfare
20060015035 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
What's Left of Douhet?
Twomey, Andrew B; Nov 2, 1998; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A442704; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442704; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Since the advent of the airplane as a military tool, debate has raged with regard to the question of how to best use it to achieve victory. The promise of technology and a fundamental desire to seek an alternative to the bloody and uncertain nature of ground combat have provided a constant impetus to a search for an air power-based theory of victory. Commencing with Douhet's vision of victory through destruction of cities and the breaking of civilian will, theorists through war and peace have wrestled with the question of how to most effectively employ air power. In opposition to Douhet stood a variety of theorists and practitioners arguing alternatively that attacks on enemy economies, military infrastructure, or military forces were more efficacious. The debate continues today. While the apocalyptic vision of Douhet has been substantially abandoned, significant premises remain embedded in contemporary theory. As a result, modern air power theory remains mired in a single environment construct as both technology and doctrine move inexorably toward joint execution. DTIC
Military Operations; Strategy
20060015041 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
Communications and the National Security Strategy Process Under the Media Microscope: Air Strikes in Sudan
Faulkenberry, Barbara J; Dec 14, 1998; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A442744; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442744; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In August 1998 the USA Commander in Chef ordered military operations against terrorist targets in Afghanistan and Sudan. Interagency coordination preceded the order and continued both during and after the bombs fell. The Interagency process also encompassed our government s communications strategy in the explosions' wake and subsequent interaction with domestic constituencies, international audiences, and the media. In this paper I will use the Sudanese air strike as a mini case study on the US government interagency process on a national security issue. While briefly reviewing the open-source pre-coordination process on an extremely close-hold military operation, I will focus on the government's complications strategy immediately after the strike. The paper concludes with some recommendations for a more effective interagency communications strategy to better advance US national interests. DTIC
Security; Sudan
20060015063 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
Von Pape on Airpower Meets Airpower for Dummies: A Comparative Review of Robert Pape's Bombing to Win and John Warden III's Air Campaign
Johnson, Robert E; Jan 2002; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A442418; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442418; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This paper will present a comparative review of two books both intended to describe successful methods for employing air power. Despite the similar goal, the books are designed for different audiences. Pape's, Bombing toWin, while informative to policymakers, is intended as a first step for social scientists to begin the study of the use of military coercion. Warden's, on the other hand, is aimed primarily at those who will be in a position to plan and conduct an air campaign. Both books rely heavily on information from secondary sources, but their approach to the issues varies greatly. Pape presents his theory of coercion and examines case studies from the use of air power in the 20th century to support that theory.Warden uses historical information as well, but his approach is to describe the roles of air power and provide guidelines on how to use them. Despite the two different audiences and methods, if one looks closely, both books come to some surprisingly similar conclusions. Conversely, they have some starkly contrasting views as well. Warden is clearly a proponent of air power and sees its utility in many different uses. Conversely, Pape sees the only valid use of air power as being attacks on fielded forces and vehemently defends that position. Now, turning to the books individually to examine their arguments in more detail. DTIC
Air Defense; Military Operations
20060015064 National War Coll., Washington, DC USA
21st Century Air Power Theorists: Who Has It Right John Warden or Robert Pape?
Lofgren, Jeffrey G; Jan 2002; 15 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A442423; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442423; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The use of air power has dramatically shaped the modern battlefield since its inception. Because there are no boundaries restricting where air power can go, it has the unique ability to employ and influence the outcome of a conflict at all levels of warfare from strategic to tactical. Whichever theory senior military leaders follow heavily influences the military strategy they pursue. Theory then becomes the foundation for military strategy. The impact of theory on military strategy therefore, logically influences the Services to invest in forces in order to accomplish and support that strategy. For example, the theory of strategic bombardment dominated military strategy during and after World War II. The U.S. Air Force, in support of that strategy, built an enormous bomber fleet. The two prominent theorists in today's air power debate are John Warden III, a retired Air Force Colonel and Robert Pape, a Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. Warden's theory contends that air power can be used to influence the adversary's leadership or decisionmaking entity. In contrast, Pape proclaims that air power should coerce an adversary through denial of the adversary's ability to use its military to achieve its objective. This paper will summarize the theories of John Warden III and Robert Pape and then point out their strengths and weaknesses. Then describe the linkage between theory, military strategy, and the budget; thereby showing how air power theory in turn affects the budget. Finally, this paper will argue thatWarden and Pape's theories are complementary and that senior leadership should consider both when developing military strategy and the budget. DTIC
Air Defense; Military Operations
20060015065 NTI, Inc., Brooks AFB, TX USA
An Assessment of Modafinil for Vestibular and Aviation-Related Effects
Eddy, Douglas; Gibbons, John; Storm, William; French, Jonathan; Stevens, Kenneth; Barton, Emily; Cardenas, Rebecca; Hickey, Patrick; Oct 2005; 66 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-97-D-6004; Proj-7757 Report No.(s): AD-A442742; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA442742; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
The goal of this study was to provide data concerning both the efficacy and the safe-to-fly dosage of a relatively unique compound, modafinil. Previous studies have indicated that modafinil holds promise as an effective wake-promoting agent for military personnel assigned to sustained operations without the common side effects associated with amphetamine-like substances. The present research was conducted to examine whether 200 or 400 mg doses of modafinil have any effect upon human vestibular functioning at night, to verify its cognitive enhancement capabilities during a short-term, sleep-loss setting, and to document the presence/absence of subjective symptoms. Other measures were investigated for possible effects of over-confidence or dehydration. DTIC
Vestibules; Human Performance; Drugs
20060015432 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
Alignment of Organizational Level Workload and Maintenance Manning in the USA Navy F/A-18C Community
Allen, Mitchell R; Dec 2005; 59 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443275; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443275; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This research was conducted to examine the balance of workload and manning in the F/A-18C community. Data shows that current application of the Navy Standard at sea workweek results in squadrons being overworked ashore during return and post-deployment months. This increase in workload is exacerbated by the fact that the Navy Standard at sea Workweek does not include leave. If all squadron maintenance personnel take their earned leave 3,930 days of labor predicted in the workweek must be performed by personnel not on leave. Data shows that squadron workload is not constant across the deployment cycle. Historical aircraft utilization rates suggest that projected utilization rates in the F/A-18C ROC/POE are accurate for their intended purpose. This should not, however, eliminate the use of historical aircraft utilization data in the manpower process. Squadrons could be more accurately manned at sea by using a percentage of projected aircraft utilization rates. Current alignment of workload and manning results in paying a premium for personnel deployed who do not support workload. Establishment of an operational tempo department to more accurately align workload and manning through funding of requirements is one possible solution to balancing workload and manning while supporting Navy personnel policies and initiatives. DTIC
Alignment; Deployment; Maintenance; Manpower; Military Personnel; Navy; United States; Workloads (Psychophysiology)
20060015674 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Models of Wake-Vortex Spreading Mechanisms and Their Estimated Uncertainties
Rossow, Vernon J.; Hardy, Gordon H.; Meyn, Larry A.; [2005]; 1 pp.; In English; AIAA 5th Aviation, Technology, Integration and Operations (ATIO) Forum, 26-28 Sep. 2005, Arlington, VA, USA; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
One of the primary constraints on the capacity of the nation's air transportation system is the landing capacity at its busiest airports. Many airports with nearly-simultaneous operations on closely-spaced parallel runways (i.e., as close as 750 ft (246m)) suffer a severe decrease in runway acceptance rate when weather conditions do not allow full utilization. The objective of a research program at NASAAmes Research Center is to develop the technologies needed for traffic management in the airport environment so that operations now allowed on closely-spaced parallel runways under Visual Meteorological Conditions can also be carried out under Instrument Meteorological Conditions. As part of this overall research objective, the study reported here has developed improved models for the various aerodynamic mechanisms that spread and transport wake vortices. The purpose of the study is to continue the development of relationships that increase the accuracy of estimates for the along-trail separation distances available before the vortex wake of a leading aircraft intrudes into the airspace of a following aircraft. Details of the models used and their uncertainties are presented in the appendices to the paper. Suggestions are made as to the theoretical and experimental research needed to increase the accuracy of and confidence level in the models presented and instrumentation required or more precise estimates of the motion and spread of vortex wakes. The improved wake models indicate that, if the following aircraft is upwind of the leading aircraft, the vortex wakes of the leading aircraft will not intrude into the airspace of the following aircraft for about 7s (based on pessimistic assumptions) for most atmospheric conditions. The wake-spreading models also indicate that longer time intervals before wake intrusion are available when atmospheric turbulence levels are mild or moderate. However, if the estimates for those time intervals are to be reliable, further study is necessary to develop the instrumentation and procedures needed to accurately define when the more benign atmospheric conditions exist. Author
Vortices; Wakes; Air Transportation; Atmospheric Turbulence; Runways; Airports; Airspace
20060015763 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA
The Effect of High Speed Vessel Operations on Ship's Crew and Embarked Landing Force Personnel Aboard HSV-2 SWIFT in the Areas of Motion Sickness and Motion Induced Task Interruptions
Lorio, Gerald P; Diaz, Alvaro; Dec 2005; 225 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443433; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443433; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
The Navy's use of high speed vessels such as HSV-2 SWIFT has raised questions of the effects of high speed motion on the ability of personnel to perform assigned duties. Performance degradation may occur during periods of excessive ship motion because of extreme motion sickness or periods of frequent task interruptions. With the use of high speed vessels expected to increase in the near future with the Littoral Combat Ship program, the issue of high speed motion effects on personnel becomes operationally relevant. This study will take a two part approach to analyze the effects of high speed motion: the motion sickness of SWIFT's crew and military passengers, and interruptions of task performance caused by vessel motion to critical watch stations. For the first part, statistical analysis will be used to determine relationships between ship motion and motion sickness. For the second part, modeling and simulation will be used to determine if there are watch stations that may be affected by varying levels of motion induced task interruptions. From this analysis, guidelines may be produced to describe the expected levels of motion sickness in personnel as well as watch stations in which personnel may have difficulties performing assigned duties. DTIC
High Speed; Interruption; Motion Sickness; Personnel; Ships
20060015775 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA
An Assessment of the Emergency Egress Characteristics of the U.S. Army Airborne Command and Control System (A2C2S)
Havir, Thomas J; Kozycki, Richard W; Jan 2006; 50 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A443464; ARL-MR-0635; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA443464; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The U.S. Army Airborne Command and Control System (A2C2S) is a command and control (C2) system consisting of an A-kit and a B-kit and will be hosted by the utility helicopter (UH)-60L (and newer) Blackhawk. The A2C2S Product Manager (PM) requested the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's (ARL's) Human Research and Engineering Directorate to perform an evaluation of the emergency egress characteristics of the A2C2S to help support the low rate initial production (LRIP) milestone decision. ARL and the PM developed a plan to evaluate the emergency egress characteristics of the A2C2S using a ombination of human figure modeling and egress testing. The evaluation plan used human figure modeling to perform a detailed analysis of all egress routes to identify whether the larger end of the male Soldier population, with equipment, could fit through the egress routes and to identify design characteristics of the A2C2S that enhance or degrade the Soldier's ability to egress the aircraft. The emergency egress test was used to validate the results of the model, verify that the egress could meet the time requirements, and identify additional safety concerns that may be encountered during actual egress trials. The results of the egress modeling identified some shortcomings with the egress characteristics of the A2C2S; however, the results were favorable. The results of the egress testing validated the modeling that was performed. In addition, all egress trials successfully met or exceeded the 30-second time standard for emergency egress. The results and recommendations from the modeling and testing were provided to the PM to help drive design modifications that, if implemented, could enhance the emergency egress characteristics of the A2C2S. DTIC
Aircraft Safety; Command and Control; Egress; Emergencies; Flight Safety; Helicopters; Human Factors Engineering; Utility Aircraft
20060016067 Calspan Corp., Buffalo, NY USA
Lateral Flying Qualities of Highly Augmented Fighter Aircraft. Volume 2
Monagan, Stephen J; Smith, Rogers E; Bailey, Randall E; Jun 1982; 282 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-79-C- 3618 Report No.(s): AD-A443910; 6645-F-8; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A13, Hardcopy
This in-flight simulation experiment, using the USAF NT-33 variable stability aircraft operated by Caispan, was undertaken to genera lateral-directional flying qualities data applicable to highly augmented fighter aircraft. In particular, the effects of time delay and prefilter lag in the lateral flight control system were studied for representative Flight Phase Category A and C tasks. The combined effects of these elements as well as the effects of nonlinear command gain and high Dutch roll damping were also evaluated. Tasks included were actual target tracking, air refueling and precision landing as well as special Head-Up Display (HUD) tracking tasks. Results indicated that a properly designed HUD bank angle tracking task is a valid flying qualities evaluation task. Data show that lateral flying qualities are very sensitive td control system time delay and very short values of roll mode time constant typically result in poor lateral flying qualities. Excellent separation of the data into flying qualities levels is achieved for the Category A task data using time domain equivalent systems parameters. An optimum equivalent time constant value of 0.5 sec is indicated by the data; sensitivity to equivalent time delay is a minimum at this value. Volume I contains the body of the report, while Volume II consists of the Appendices. DTIC
Fighter Aircraft; Flight Characteristics; Flight Simulation
20060016090 Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, AL USA
A Survey of Aviator Perceptions of Aviation Emergency Procedure Training and Recall
Estrada, A; Dumond, S; Feb 2006; 37 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A443940; USAARL-2006-06; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The first step in the U.S. Army's current practice of teaching aviation emergency procedures is to require student pilots to learn the textual procedures through rote memorization. No standardized guidance or memorization techniques are provided as best practices. The U.S. Army is particularly demanding of their student and graduate pilots in that it requires the memorization of an extensive number of emergency procedures (many more than the other military services), each of which usually contains multiple purposefully-ordered steps. Experience shows that hours of study do not assure accuracy and timeliness of recall. The purpose of this written survey was 1) to identify (based on anonymous subjective opinion data) the attitudes, perceptions, and thoughts of aviators regarding their study habits and the Army' 5 traditional method of teaching and testing aviation emergency procedures; 2) to assess the tolerability of aviators to changes to current training methods and to learning novel memorization techniques; and 3) to determine if further research into novel training methods is warranted. With a response rate of 97%' 194 operational Army helicopter aviators at Fort Rucker, Alabama, provided anonymous opinion data. These personnel consisted of student pilots, instructor pilots and those attending helicopter instructor pilot courses. The results indicate that while most respondents are satisfied with their chosen memorization method(s), a large percentage (over 65 %) would be interested in learning different/additional methods. The results suggest that learning and retaining aviation emergency procedures can be difficult for some pilots. Further research may provide Army pilots with better ways to learn and retain the required information. DTIC
Aircraft Pilots; Aircraft Safety; Education; Emergencies; Flight Safety; Perception; Surveys
Source: NASA
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