SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 44, ISSUE 4 - February 24, 2006
03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; airport ground operations; flight safety and hazards; and aircraft accidents.
Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft and to airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air).
Air traffic control is covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation.
For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
20060005676 Transportation Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Test and Evaluation Plan: Physical Search of Checked Bags with and without Image Guidance
Maguire, W.; Klock, B.; Oct. 2003; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTFA03-02-D-00021 Report No.(s): PB2006-101629; TSL-200; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This Test and Evaluation Plan outlines the procedures for the Bag Search Baseline Study. The study will be conducted at the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Security Optimization Human Factors Integration and Evaluation Laboratory. Twenty screeners will each physically search 50 bags half with and half without the printed images of EDS alarms using TSA standard operating procedures for physical search of EDS alarm bags. The effectiveness, thoroughness, and efficiency of bag search with and without 1he printed images of EDS alarms will be recorded and analyzed. NTIS
Airline Operations; Baggage; Bags; Evaluation; Security; System Effectiveness; Transportation
20060005684 Transportation Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Operational Test of Commercially Available UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems for Baggage Identification, Tracking and Security Applications. Worldwide UHF RFID Interoperability Trial
Cerino, A. T.; Aug. 2005; 60 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTFACT-03-C-00042 Report No.(s): PB2006-101634; DHS/TSA/TSL-05/75; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report summarizes the results of theWorldwide UHF RFID Interoperability Trial, conducted by the TSA in June and July of 2005. The trial was held in the following international airports: Chicago, Amsterdam, Narita, Beijing, and Nairobi. Its purpose was to test RFID passenger baggage tag interoperability among the following UHF frequencies: (902-928 MHz) U.S., (865-868 MHz) Europe, and (952-954 MHz) Japan. The test results positively demonstrated the RFID baggage tag worldwide frequency interoperability. Secondarily, the test showed the applicability of EPC global standards to the tracking of airline baggage between multiple airports, and the sharing of that data across the world. NTIS
Baggage; Interoperability; Radio Frequencies; Security; Ultrahigh Frequencies
20060005686 Transportation Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA
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Elevated Podium for Integrated Checkpoint Security Supervision Usability Test and Evaluation Plan
Snyder, M. D.; Aug. 2002; 42 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-101632; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This test and evaluation plan details the usability evaluation for the Elevated Podium for Integrated Checkpoint Security Supervision (EPICSS). The EPICSS provides Checkpoint Security Supervisors (CSSs) with current, state-of-the-art, electronic management tools to more effectively manage and monitor the security checkpoint. The EPICSS is designed to provide CSSs with quantitative data, real-time video images of X-ray monitors, and security cameras to determine security screener performance, as well as equipment status. The objective of this study is to perform an ergonomic evaluation of the EPICSS at the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, conduct a usability evaluation of each system installed in the EPICSS, assess whether the necessary information for increasing checkpoint security is available and usable by CSSs, and elicit information that could improve its design. NTIS
Airport Security; Evaluation; Personnel Management; Security; System Effectiveness
20060005690 Transportation Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Role of Attention in Visual Search: Long-Term Research Report
Rubinstein, J.; Oct. 2003; 24 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-101630; DHS/TSA/TSL-06/08; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This report includes a review of the results of three experiments conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University under a Federal Aviation Administration research grant. This research supports the Transportation Security Laboratory's Human Factors Long-Term Research Program. The purpose of this research is to develop a theoretical understanding of the cognitive processes involved in various security tasks. The research described in this report is most relevant to the X-ray screener search task. Experiment I examined the effects of size and brightness on the unintentional capture of attention during a target search task. Unintentional capture occurs when a non-target draws attention away from the target. Experiment 2 examined basic search processes by looking at how the placement of multiple targets effects detection. Experiment 3 addressed the different types of search strategies a screener might use during a search task. NTIS
Cognition; Security; Visual Perception
20060005698 Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC USA
Regulatory/Non-Regulatory Special Use Airspace Areas
Aug. 04, 2005; 196 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-103420; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy
This compilation, published semi-annually, provides a listing of all regulatory and non-regulatory special use airspace areas, as well as issued but not yet implemented amendments to those areas, established by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This publication is distributed to select offices in Washington Headquarters, Regional Air Traffic Organization Service Areas, Air Route Traffic Control Centers, and interested aviation parties. NTIS
Airspace; Air Traffic Control
20060005718 Transportation Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA
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Test and Evaluation Plan: Screener Effectiveness of Monetary/Non-Monetary Incentives
Klock, B. A.; Jul. 2004; 60 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-101662; DHS/TSA/TSL-06/04; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
There is currently no set incentive program for the Transportation Security Administration to use to reward screeners, and little or no data has been collected that indicates whether an incentive program would improve threat detection or morale. This test and evaluation plan describes an assessment of monetary and non-monetary screener incentives based on Threat Image Projection (TIP) data to enhance screener feedback and detection performance. Only certified X-ray operators will participate. These operators are current security employees who are assigned to perform X-ray security monitoring on the TIP X-ray machines. TIP will randomly insert an image of a threat object into a passenger carry-on bag at the current ratio, as a means to assess screener threat detection performance. Two incentive programs will be developed and compared. One will include a monetary reward for screener performance at the end of each month. The other will include detailed and enhanced feedback to the screeners regarding their ongoing on the job performance. Further, the study will compare these incentive programs using both individual and team-based performance. NTIS
Evaluation; Human Performance; Incentives; Motivation; System Effectiveness; Tasks
20060005739 Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City, NJ, USA
Newark Liberty International Airport (ERW) Vehicle Tracking Demonstration Wireless Fleet Management System, Final Report
Cerino, A. T.; Jun. 2005; 216 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTFA-CT-03-C-00042 Report No.(s): PB2006-101636; TSA/TSL-300; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy
The Wireless Fleet Management System (WFMS) has been installed at Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) in a trial version as a technology demonstration and evaluation program that implements radio frequency identification (RFID) based tracking of the location of port-owned vehicles, ground support equipment (GSE), and commercial (vendor) fuel trucks on the surface areas of the airport. This technology is effective against some insider threat tactics as well as the threat of a stolen or hijacked ramp vehicle used for terrorist actions. The overall objective of this operational evaluation effort is to demonstrate the capability of the vehicle tracking technology to operate in the radio frequency (RF)-rich environment of an airport operations area (AOA) on a moderate scale (approximately 80 vehicles). The testing was accomplished in a three-phase process. Testing was accomplished via methods of observation, demonstration, and data analysis, and covered all of the functional and system requirements of the WFMS. A test of the RF environment was also performed to validate antenna/gateway coverage during Phase Zero and Phase One. NTIS
Airport Security; Airports; Management Systems; Radio Frequencies
20060005747 Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC USA
Report: Investigation of Security Screener Incentives and Benefits
Klock, B. A.; Feb. 2002; 30 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-101661; DHS/TSA/TSL-06/11; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This report presents the findings from the investigation of the types of incentives and benefits currently offered to aviation security screeners. A general survey was conducted to identify the types of incentives and benefit programs being utilized by screening companies. The survey was conducted prior to the federalization of the screener workforce to provide a snapshot of the current practices of screening companies. Although site-specific, screening companies appear to be making a concerted effort to satisfy the needs of their screening personnel. Through the effective utilization of well-designed incentives and benefits programs, the aviation industry and security screeners (both federal and private) could receive the desired outcomes from their respective employer-employee exchange relationships. NTIS
Incentives; Personnel Management; Security
20060005752 Transportation Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA
Operational Test of Commercially Available UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems for Baggage Identification, Tracking and Security Applications, U.S./Europe UHF RFID Interoperability Trial
Cerino, A. T.; Aug. 13, 2004; 70 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-101635; DHS/TSA/TSL-05/77; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This document represents the Final Report of a Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Baggage Tag Interoperability Trial conducted between the U.S. and Europe. In particular, the trial evaluated the ability of EPCglobal Class 0+ UHF RFID baggage tags to be programmed at one of the U.S. frequencies (902 to 928 MHz) and flown from Philadelphia on US Airways flights to Rome, Italy and subsequently read on arrival in Rome at one of the European frequencies (865 to 868 MHz). The same procedure was done on the return Rome to Philadelphia flights. This trail clearly demonstrated the 'low end and middle UHF Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band interoperability' that was its primary objective. NTIS
Baggage; Europe; Interoperability; Radio Frequencies; Security; Ultrahigh Frequencies
20060006424 Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC USA
Report to Congress: Aviation Security Aircraft Hardening Program Dec. 1998; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-103418; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This report is submitted in response to language in Senate Report 102-351 accompanying the Department of Transportation Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1993. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was asked to study different types of technology designed to protect aircraft against certain explosives and to report to the Appropriations Committees on its findings. The FAA was also asked to consider investment and operating costs, acceptable safety margins, passenger convenience, and any other relevant factors. Interim reports were submitted to the Appropriations Committees in September 1994 and March 1996. This report provides a current assessment and review of the research work completed to date regarding one such technology, hardened containers. NTIS
Commercial Aircraft; Security; Air Transportation
Source: NASA
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