SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 44, ISSUE 2 - January 27, 2006
45 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
Includes atmospheric, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution.
20060002749 Bechtel Nevada Corp., Las Vegas, NV, USA
Nuclear Safety Design Bases for License Application
Mar. 2005; 114 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-841292; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The purpose of this report is to identify and document the nuclear safety design requirements that are specific to structures, systems, and components (SSCs) of the repository that are important to safety (ITS) during the preclosure period and to support the preclosure safety analysis and the license application for the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The scope of this report includes the assignment of nuclear safety design requirements to SSCs that are ITS and does not include the assignment of design requirements to SSCs or natural or engineered barriers that are important to waste isolation (ITWI). These requirements are used as input for the design of the SSCs that are ITS such that the preclosure performance objectives of 10 CFR 63.111 (DIRS 156605) are met. The natural or engineered barriers that are important to meeting the postclosure performance objectives of 10 CFR 63.113 (DIRS 156605) are identified as ITWI. Although a structure, system, or component (SSC) that is ITS may also be ITWI, this report is only concerned with providing the nuclear safety requirements for SSCs that are ITS to prevent or mitigate event sequences during the repository preclosure period. NTIS
Radiation Protection; Radioactive Wastes; Safety; Waste Management
20060002754 National Energy Technology Lab., Pittsburgh, PA USA
Mercury Control with Advanced Hybrid Particulate Collector
Zhuang, Y.; Miller, S. J.; May 2005; 238 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-842441; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This project demonstrated at the pilot-scale level a technology that provides a cost-effective technique to control mercury and, at the same time, greatly enhances fine particulate collection efficiency. The technology can be used to retrofit systems currently employing inefficient ESP technology as well as for new construction, thereby providing a solution for improved fine particulate control combined with effective mercury control for a large segment of the U.S. utility industry as well as other industries. NTIS
Accumulators; Aerosols; Flue Gases; Particulates; Samplers
20060002755 Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Internal Hazards Analysis for License Application
Garrett, R. J.; Feb. 2005; 212 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-841293; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The purpose of this internal hazards analysis is to identify and document the internal hazards and potential initiating events associated with preclosure operations of the repository at Yucca Mountain. Internal hazards are those hazards presented by the operation of the facility and by its associated processes that can potentially lead to a radioactive release or cause a radiological hazard. In contrast to external hazards, internal hazards do not involve natural phenomena and external man-made hazards. This internal hazards analysis was performed in support of the preclosure safety analysis and the License Application for the Yucca Mountain Project. The methodology for this analysis provides a systematic means to identify internal hazards and potential initiating events that may result in a radiological hazard or radiological release during the repository preclosure period. NTIS
Hazards; Radiation Hazards
20060002760 North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks, ND, USA, Science Museum of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Subtask 7.2 Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases
Jan. 2005; 188 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-841343; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Evaluation of current climatic trends and reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions for Devils Lake have been conducted based on diatom-inferred salinity for the last 2000 years. The 3-year cross-disciplinary research, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was carried out by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) and St. Croix Watershed Research Station (SCWRS) at the Science Museum of Minnesota. The results indicate that frequent climatic fluctuations resulting in alternating periods of drought and wet conditions are typical for the northern Great Plains and suggest that the severity and length of extremes exceeded those on modern record. Devils Lake has experienced five fresh periods and two minor freshening periods in the last 2000 years. Transitions between fresh and saline periods have been relatively fast, representing lake level changes that have been similar to those observed in the last 150 years. NTIS
Global Warming; Greenhouse Effect
20060002772 Middle Rio Grande Council of Governments of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Transportation/Air Quality Conformity Finding, 1994
January 1994; 26 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-101462; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The purpose of this report is to document the finding that the transportation plans and programs for the Albuquerque Metropolitan Planning Area (AMPA) are in conformity with the applicable Clean Air Act implementation plans for the nonattainment area of Bernalillo County. Although the AMPA is not coterminous with Bernalillo County, the transportation air quality analysis in this report addresses all of Bernalillo County.
Bernalillo County is designated as a moderate nonattainment area for carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. During 1991 only 1 violation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide occurred. No violations were recorded in 1992 or thus far in 1993. Based on the emissions inventories, a significant contributor to the problem is pollution resulting from motor vehicle travel. Consequently, it is important that future-year transportation plans and programs contribute to the attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS. The requirement for a conformity finding aids in determining that this contribution is taking place. NTIS
Air Pollution; Air Quality; Cities; Pollution Monitoring; Transportation
20060002773 Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC USA
National Management Strategy for Methyl Bromide
January 2005; 60 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102230; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04 , Hardcopy
The USA has supported the objectives of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Protocol, or Montreal Protocol) since before the inception of this landmark environmental treaty in 1987. The USA developed this strategy on methyl bromide (MeBr) in accordance with Decision Ex. I/4 (3) which requests a Party nominating a Critical Use Exemption (CUE) after 2005 to provide a national management strategy on the use of MeBr. The information upon which this strategy was developed is the result of a collaborative research effort at the national, state, and local levels. NTIS
Bromides; Environment Protection; Management Planning; Methyl Compounds
20060002780 Bechtel Nevada Corp., Las Vegas, NV, USA
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Calendar Year 2004
Grossman, R. F.; Jun. 2005; 62 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-841797; DOE/NV/11718-1065; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The sources of radionuclides include current and previous activities conducted on the NTS. The NTS was the primary location for testing of nuclear explosives in the Continental U.S. between 1951 and 1992. Historical testing has included (1) atmospheric testing in the 1950s and early 1960s, (2) underground testing between 1951 and 1992, and (3) open-air nuclear reactor and rocket engine testing (DOE, 1996a).
No nuclear tests have been conducted since September 23,1992 (DOE, 2000), however; radionuclides remaining on the soil surface in many NTS areas after several decades of radioactive decay are re-suspended into the atmosphere at concentrations that can be detected by air sampling. Limited non-nuclear testing includes spills of hazardous materials at the Non-Proliferation Test and Evaluation Complex (formerly called the Hazardous Materials Spill Center), private technology development, aerospace and demilitarization activities, and site remediating activities.
Processing of radioactive materials is limited to laboratory analyses; handling, transport, storage, and assembly of nuclear explosive devices or radioactive targets for the Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) gas gun; and operation of radioactive waste management sites (RWMSs) for low-level radioactive and mixed waste (DOE, 1996a). Monitoring and evaluation of the various activities conducted onsite indicate that the potential sources of offsite radiation exposure in calendar year (CY) 2004 were releases from (1) evaporation of tritiated water (HTO) from containment ponds that receive drainage water from E Tunnel in Area 12 and water pumped from wells used to characterize the aquifers at the sites of past underground nuclear tests, (2) onsite radioanalytical laboratories, (3) the Area 3 and Area 5 RWMS facilities, and (4) diffuse sources of tritium (H(sup 3)) and re-suspension of plutonium ((sup 239+240)Pu) and americium ((sup 241)Am) at the sites of past nuclear tests.
The following sections present a general description of the present sources on the NTS and at the North Las Vegas Facility (NLVF). At the NLVF, parts of Building A-1 were contaminated with tritium by a previous contractor in 1995. The incident involved the release of tritium as HTO. This unusual occurrence led to a very small potential exposure to an offsite person. The HTO emission has continued at lower levels (probably re-emanation from building materials), even after cleanup activities in November and December 1997. A description of the incident and the potential effective dose equivalent (EDE) for offsite exposure are set forth in Appendix A. NTIS
Air Pollution; Exhaust Emission; Exhaust Gases; Hazardous Materials; Pollution Control; Standards
20060002801 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC USA
Integrated Environmental Strategies Handbook: A Resource Guide for Air Quality Planning
Dec. 2004; 196 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102239; EPA/430/B-04/006; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy
As urbanization and industrialization expand globally at a rapid pace, a growing number of developing countries are experiencing a corresponding increase in air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In recent years, numerous studies have linked certain types of conventional air pollutants with adverse health effects ranging from increased respiratory ailments to premature deaths. Air pollution can also damage crops and forests, disrupt ecosystems, contaminate water bodies, corrode building materials, and reduce visibility. All of these problems can have significant and long-lasting impacts on a country, its people, and its economy. Depending upon their source, emissions of conventional air pollution might be accompanied by GHG emissions. When both types of emissions are generated together (e.g. through fossil fuel combustion), opportunities exist to reduce them simultaneously through integrated measures. Readers should note that there is a clear distinction between GHGs and conventional air pollutants. Conventional air pollutants pose local and regional environmental and health risks, while GHGs are more often seen as a global concern, contributing to climate change. As an element of the USA governments commitment to address climate change, the USA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) developed this handbook. The handbook is designed to help readers in developing countries learn about and potentially adopt co-benefits measures to improve local air quality and reduce associated GHGs. This handbook describes the U.S. EPA's Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Program approach. The IES approach enables local researchers to quantify the co-benefits that could be derived from implementing policy, technology, and infrastructure measures to reduce air pollutants and GHG emissions. Quantifying the effects of air emissions brings research into the public decision-making process and provides a solid foundation upon which to build environmental and public health improvements. NTIS
Air Quality; Developing Nations; Handbooks; Management Planning
20060002847 Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, USA
Balancing of Pulverized Coal Flows to Burners in Boilers with Pressurized Vertical Spindle Mills. Final Report for the Period October 1, 2003 to March 31, 2005
Bilirgen, H.; January 2005; 38 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-850171; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Poor coal flow distribution to the burners is a common problem in pulverized coal (pc) boilers and has been considered as a potential area that needs to be addressed for improving unit performance, emissions, operations, and maintenance. With the introduction of new generation ultra low-nitrogen oxide burners, uniform distribution of coal flow to the burners has become an important issue due to restricted secondary air flow during the early stages of combustion. Coal pipe imbalances among the burners results in deviation from the design values for air-to-fuel ratios in the burners. This causes an associated deterioration in combustion efficiency due to increased carbon in fly ash level and leads to increased fuel and ash handling cost and possible deterioration in ESP collection efficiency. NTIS
Balancing; Boilers; Burners; Coal; Fuels; Grinding (Comminution); Spindles
20060002848 ADA Environmental Solutions, LLC, Littleton, CO, USA
Field Test Program to Develop Comprehensive Design, Operating, and Cost Data for Mercury Control Systems. Final Technical Report. (Report for October 1, 2000 through March 31, 2005)
Mar. 28, 2005; 88 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-850172; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
With the nation's coal-burning utilities facing the possibility of tighter controls on mercury pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy is funding projects that could offer power plant operators better ways to reduce these emissions at much lower costs. Mercury is known to have toxic effects on the nervous systems of humans and wildlife. Although it exists only in trace amounts in coal, mercury is released when coal burns and can accumulate on land and in water. In water, bacteria transform the metal into methylmercury, the most hazardous form of the metal. Methylmercury can collect in fish and marine mammals in concentrations hundreds of thousands times higher than the levels in surrounding waters. One of the goals of DOE is to develop technologies by 2005 that will be capable of cutting mercury emissions 50 to 70 percent at well under one-half of projected DOE/EPA early cost estimates. ADA Environmental Solutions (ADA-ES) is managing a project to test mercury control technologies at full scale at four different power plants from 2000 to 2003. The ADA-ES project is focused on those power plants that are not equipped with wet flue gas desulfurization systems. ADA-ES has developed a portable system that was tested at four different utility power plants. Each of the plants is equipped with either electrostatic precipitators or fabric filters to remove solid particles from the plant's flue gas. NTIS
Activated Carbon; Bitumens; Boilers; Coal; Data Systems; Design to Cost; Field Tests; Financial Management; Flue Gases; Operating Costs
20060002895 Manila Observatory, Philippines
Integrated Environmental Strategies Philippines Project Report Metropolitan Manila: Focus on the Transport Sector
Jun. 2005; 122 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102252; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Realizing that more than 90% of the air pollution comes from mobile sources based on the 2003 emission inventory, the project decided to concentrate primarily on the transportation sector particularly in Metropolitan Manila. Metropolitan Manila, as described before, has more than one-third of all the vehicles in the country. It also has the highest density of population in the country and probably the highest levels of air pollution as well. This project quantified and assessed the public health benefits of different mitigation measures with special focus on transport issues, common to both controlling ambient air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions and made use of health and economic impact as parameters in evaluating the benefits of the mitigation measures. NTIS
Air Pollution; Health; Philippines
20060002899 Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA
Local Benefits of Global Air Pollution Control in Mexico City
McKinley, G.; Zuk, M.; Hojer, M.; Avalos, M.; Gonzalez, I.; Aug. 2003; 180 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102253; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
With nearly 20 million inhabitants, 3.5 million vehicles, and 35,000 industries, Mexico City consumes more than 40 million liters of fuel each day. It is also located in a closed basin with a mean altitude of 2240m. The combination of these and other factors has led to a serious air quality problem.
In 2002, Mexico City air quality exceeded local standards for ozone (110 ppb for 1 hour) on 80% of the days of the year. Particulate 24- hour standards were exceeded on 5% of the days (SMA, 2002). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Mexico City are also significant. In 1998, Mexico ranked as the 13th largest GHG producing nation. Mexico City emits approximately 13% of the national total (Sheinbaum et al., 2000). Using a 3.3% annual growth rate (West et al., 2003) and a 1996 base year estimate of 45,585,000 tons of CO2 (Sheinbaum et al., 2000), we estimate that the annualized GHG emission of Mexico City for the period 2003-2010 and 2003-2020 will be 17 million tons of C equivalent per year and 20 million tons C equivalent per year, respectively.
As emissions of GHG and local air pollutants are often generated from the same sources, there may exist opportunities for their joint control. In this study, we have developed a cost-benefit analysis framework to analyze the trade-offs between costs, public health benefits, and GHG emission reductions for a select set of control measures. In an effort to disseminate the knowledge collected in this work, we have also created a reduced-form analysis tool for use by policy makers. This study fits into an ongoing process of analysis and action regarding Mexico City air quality.
At present, Mexico City government is currently in the process of implementing its third air quality management plan. The first plan, PICCA (Programa Integral para el Control de la Contaminacion Atmosferica) was initiated in 1990 and had several major accomplishments, including the introduction of two way catalytic converters, the phase out of leaded gasoline, and establishment of vehicle emissions standards. The second program, PROAIRE (Programa para Mejorar la Calidad del Aire en el Valle de Mexico 1995-2000) achieved the introduction of MTBE, restrictions on the aromatic content of fuels and reduction of sulfur content in industrial fuel. While significant improvements in ambient air quality have improved, levels remain dangerously high, therefore the government has recently initiated the third plan, PROAIRE 2002-2010, as an extension of previous plans. NTIS
Air Pollution; Environment Protection; Global Air Pollution; Pollution Control
20060002907 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter: Policy Assessment of Scientific and Technical Information, OAQPS Staff Paper
Dec. 2005; 530 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102406; EPA-452/R-05-005A; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This Staff Paper, prepared by staff in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), evaluates the policy implications of the key studies and scientific information contained in the document, Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter (EPA, 2004; henceforth referred to as the Criteria Document (CD) and cited as CD), prepared by EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA). This Staff Paper also presents and interprets results from staff analyses (e.g., air quality analyses, human health risk assessments, and visibility analyses) that staff believes should be considered in EPA's current review of the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM). Finally, this Staff Paper presents staff conclusions and recommendations as to potential revisions of the primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) PM NAAQS, based on consideration of the available scientific information and analyses and related limitations and uncertainties. NTIS
Air Quality; Ambience; Particulates; Policies
20060002944 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC USA, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA
Ancillary Benefits Due to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, 2000-2020: Executive Summary
Joh, S.; Nam, Y.; Shim, S.; Sung, J.; Shin, Y.; Jun. 2001; 26 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102218; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This study is a part of The International Co-Control Analysis Program(ICAP) which is a new initiative sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agenciey (EPA) to assist developing countries in evaluating the environmental and human health benefits of technologies and policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions . The goal of the Korea study is primarily two folds: (1) To assess and quantify the environmental ancillary benefit resulting from greenhouse gas mitigation and (2) To help government officials and stakeholders understand the air pollution benefits of energy technologies that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thus the results of this analysis can enhance support for appropriate policy for the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and air quality control programs. NTIS
Air Pollution; Greenhouse Effect; Pollution Control
20060002945 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC USA, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA
Studies on Health Benefit Estimation of Air Pollution in Korea
Joh, S.; Mar. 2000; 36 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102219; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In Korea few previous studies on environmental benefit estimates have been carried out. In particular, no studies have dealt with ancillary benefit of green house gas reduction. In this context ancillary benefit study proposed would (1) play a critical role in cost benefit analysis of climate change by giving a reference of benefit estimates such that it will have a significant impact on climate change policy decision and (2) give a good example on environmental benefit estimation in general and calculation of ancillary benefit in a context of climate change in particular. Recent cost benefit study carried out in Kyonggi Province has revealed a mitigation cost of 3,069 million US dollars and benefit of 743 - 2,069 million dollars associated with mortality and morbidity reduced from PM10, SO2, and O3 over 2000-2007. In developed countries PM is generally regarded as most deleterious pollutant. However, in Korea most epidemiologists have consensus that ozone is the most harmful pollutant. Since, ancillary benefit modeling in Korea is in its fledgling stage, suggestion for the model building is timely and useful. Based on Korean situation of data availability, risk potential, and feasibility, the main frame of future Korean study is recommended to investigate in order of priority PM10, SO2, NO2, and ozone as pollutants and Seoul Metropolitan area, urban area, and nationwide in geographic level to cover. NTIS
Air Pollution; Greenhouse Effect; Health; Korea; Pollution Control
20060002946 World Resources Inst., Washington, DC, USA
Climate, Air Pollution and Public Health: Estimating Morbidity and Mortality from Fossil Fuel Consumption in Major Urban Areas in Developing Countries. Final Summary Report
May 2004; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): EPA-CR-826980-01 Report No.(s): PB2006-102220; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In 1998 theWorld Resources Institute (WRI) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Policy entered into a multi-year Cooperative Agreement CR826980-01: Climate Policy, Air Pollution and Public Health: Estimating Mortality and Morbidity From Fossil Fuel Consumption in Major Urban Areas in Developing Countries. The broad goal of the project was to address the climate change, air pollution and public health implications of energy use in major urban areas, especially the very large 'megacities', of developing countries. The project activity was organized around studies with developing country experts to document the co-benefits that would follow from adopting less carbon-intensive energy and urban transportation policies in order to: (a) lessen the impact of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion, and (b) significantly reduce current and future public health impacts from exposure to combustion-related air pollutants. This involved the development and adaptation of methods, working with technical experts in the target countries, and technical support to these experts in carrying out the assessments. In addition, results of the methods development, case studies and other technical information were synthesized and disseminated to a variety of important audiences including the relevant technical communities (e.g., health researchers, air quality management officials), policy makers, and the interested public. During the roughly four year duration of this project, the cooperative agreement was amended twice and the scope expanded to include assessment of a broader range of ancillary effects (co-benefits or costs) of climate change policies, and development of corporate level green house gas inventory methodology. NTIS
Air Pollution; Developing Nations; Public Health; Fuel Consumption; Mortality
20060002947 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC USA, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA
Integrated Assessment of Energy Option and Health Benefit. Full Report
Changhong, C.; Qingyan, F.; Minghua, C.; Bingheng, C.; Chuanjie, H.; Dec. 2001; 184 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102249; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This study is one of the components of 'The Integrated Study of Energy Options and Health Benefits in Shanghai' The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction of local air pollutant emission and CO2 emission under the assumed energy and environmental policies, and improvement of the pollutant exposure level. NTIS
Air Pollution; China; Health
20060002948 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC USA, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA
Ancillary Benefits Due to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, 2000-2020
Joh, S.; Nam, Y.; Shim, S.; Sung, J.; Shin, Y.; Jun. 2001; 156 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102250; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Korea ICAP work applies a bottom-up impact analysis approach to evaluate the ancillary benefits resulting from greenhouse gas mitigation policies and measures. This work initially has focused on the impact of these greenhouse gas mitigation measures on PM10 levels in the Seoul Metropolitan area and the corresponding impact on premature mortality and morbidity of asthma and respiratory diseases in 1995 through 2020. The greenhouse gas scenarios considered in this preliminary analysis focus primarily on energy efficiency and use of compressed natural gas for vehicles. More aggressive greenhouse gas reduction scenarios that include fuel substitution outside of the transportation sector would likely generate greater air pollution health benefits. NTIS
Greenhouse Effect; Health; Korea
20060002949 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC USA, Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA
Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study for City of Hyderbad, India
Apr. 2005; 414 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102251; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In 2002 the USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the USA Agency for International Development (USAID) New Delhi Mission initiated the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) program in India to help Indian policy makers identify, evaluate, and eventually implement a variety of mitigation opportunities with local and global cobenefits. The Hyderabad-based project aimed to develop analytical tools and an analytical framework for quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) and particulate matter (PM10) emissions, and assessing the associated public health benefits from reducing local pollutant concentrations through integrated clean energy strategies. In addition to generating a first-ever emissions inventory of all reported combustion sources in the Hyderabad Urban Development Area (HUDA), the team quantified the emissions reductions from several clean-fuel mitigation scenarios. The IES team also: Prepared a greenhouse gas inventory of all reported fuel combustion sources in HUDA for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O); Quantified the public health benefits of future mitigation scenarios, as measured by reductions in air pollution-based morbidity and mortality; Estimated the value of those human health benefits; and Compiled a cost/benefit analysis to estimate the financial implications of the different mitigation measures. NTIS
Environment Protection; Health; India; Management Planning
20060002983 Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC USA, ARCADIS Geraghty and Miller, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
Prevention of Elemental Mercury Reemissions from Illinois Coal Wet Scrubbers
Chang, J. C. S.; Ghorishi, S. B.; Zhao, Y.; Jun. 2005; 40 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-102387; EPA-600/R-05/075; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The overall objectives of this study were to perform pilot plant tests to evaluate techniques that can be used to reduce mercury reemissions from wet limestone scrubbers in coal-fired power plants. A pilot-scale (0.01 MW) wet limestone FGD system was designed, constructed, and debugged for the purpose of conducting mercury reemission research. The scrubber used limestone slurry as the reagent to absorb sulfur dioxide and mercury from flue gas generated from a furnace. Usually, natural gas was used as the fuel in the furnace to provide better control of flue gas conditions. An Illinois coal, Galatia, was also burned in the furnace to verify the results from natural gas tests. NTIS
Coal; Combustion; Flue Gases; Limestone; Prevention; Scrubbers; Washing
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