SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 43, ISSUE 26 - DECEMBER 30, 2005
44 ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, and waterwave conversion systems; energy storage; and traditional power generators.
For technologies related to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics.
For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 28 Propellants and Fuels.
20050243438 Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, IA USA
Reduction in Energy Consumption and Variability in Steel Foundry Operations
May 24, 2005; 76 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-840273; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This project worked to improve the efficiency of the steel casting industry by reducing the variability that occurs because of process and product variation. The project focused on the post shakeout operations since roughly half of the production costs are in this area. These improvements will reduce the amount of variability, making it easier to manage the operation and improve the competitiveness. The reduction in variability will also reduce the need for many rework operations, which will result in a direct reduction of energy usage, particularly by the reduction of repeated heat treatment operations. Further energy savings will be realized from the reduction of scrap and reduced handling. Field studies were conducted at ten steel foundries that represented the U.S. steel casting industry, for a total of over 100 weeks of production observation. These studies quantified the amount of variability, and looked toward determining the source. A focus of the data collected was the grinding operations since this is a major effort in the cleaning room, and it represents the overall casting quality. The grinding was divided into two categories, expected and unexpected. Expected grinding is that in which the location of the effort is known prior to making the casting, such as smoothing parting lines, gates, and riser contacts. Unexpected grinding, which was approximately 80% of the effort, was done to improve the surfaces at weld repair locations, to rectify burnt on sand, and other surface anomalies at random locations. Unexpected grinding represents about 80% of the grinding effort. By quantifying this effort, the project raised awareness within the industry and the industry is continuing to make improvements. NTIS
Energy Consumption; Foundries; Steels; Variability; Energy Conservation
20050243443 National Energy Technology Lab., Morgantown, WV, USA
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Pilot-and Full-Scale Demonstration of Advanced Mercury Control Technologies for Lignite-Fired Power Plants
Benson, S. A.; Crocker, C. R.; Galbreath, K. C.; Gunderson, J. R.; Homes, M. J.; Feb. 2005; 102 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-840345; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The overall objective of the project was to develop advanced innovative mercury control technologies to reduce mercury emissions by 50%-90% in flue gases typically found in North Dakota lignite-fired power plants at costs from one-half to three-quarters of current estimated costs. Power plants firing North Dakota lignite produce flue gases that contain greater than 85% elemental mercury, which is difficult to collect. The specific objectives were focused on determining the feasibility of the following technologies: Hg oxidation for increased Hg capture in dry scrubbers, incorporation of additives and technologies that enhance Hg sorbent effectiveness in electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and baghouses, the use of amended silicates in lignite-derived flue gases for Hg capture, and the use of Hg adsorbents within a baghouse. The approach to developing Hg control technologies for North Dakota lignites involved examining the feasibility of the following technologies: Hg capture upstream of an ESP using sorbent enhancement, Hg oxidation and control using dry scrubbers, enhanced oxidation at a full-scale power plant using tire-derived fuel and oxidizing catalysts, and testing of Hg control technologies in the Advanced Hybrid(Trademark) filter. NTIS
Lignite; Power Plants; Energy Conversion Efficiency
20050244483 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA
Measurements of Horizontal Flow in the Vicinity of a Building: A Field Study from June to December 1999
Gouveia, F. J.; Shinn, J. H.; Sep. 29, 2004; 30 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15011631; UCRL-TR-206877; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The pattern of flow around a discrete, yet architecturally complex building is measured through the use of arrays of 2-D sonic anemometers. When the measurements are grouped according to upwind wind direction and normalized by the upwind wind speed, the resulting average vectors reveal persistent patterns of divergence, separation zones, and lee eddies. Additional measurements were made investigating specific details of flow. A pair of 10-m towers supported four levels of anemometers to explore vertical profiles of wind immediately upwind of the building, in an exterior alcove of the building, and in the lee of a line of tall trees. The measurements described in this report may be compared with physical and computational models of flow. NTIS
Flow Distribution; Wind Direction; Anemometers
20050244787 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA
Self Contained Fuel System for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Carreiro, Louis G., Inventor; Aug. 18, 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-D020229; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
A power source for an unmanned undersea vehicle with increased energy density is described that employs a self-contained fuel system to address carbon dioxide evolution. A solid oxide fuel cell serves as the power source in the selfcontained fuel system. In combination with the solid oxide fuel cell, the system comprises a chemical composite that is combined with water to create both a hydrocarbon fuel for the solid oxide fuel cell and a water-soluble byproduct. The byproduct is then combined with the carbon dioxide gas generated by the fuel cell to create a storable solid precipitate. DTIC
Carbon Dioxide; Fuel Systems; Patent Applications; Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Supplying
20050244997 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA
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Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future
Morss, Lester R.; Feb. 2003; 424 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-101400; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Current projections estimate that the energy needs of the world will more than double by the year 2050.
This is coupled with increasing demands for clean energy sources of energy that do not add to the already high levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the environment.
These coupled challenges simply cannot be met by existing technologies.
Major scientific breakthroughs will be required to provide reliable, economic solutions.
In October 2002, a workshop was held to assess the basic research directions that will assure a secure energy future.
Over 100 scientists and engineers from academia (27%), industry (16%), and federal laboratories (39%) and agencies (18%) participated in the workshop.
As a resource for the workshop participants, a factual document was compiled that summarized the state of energy sources and use at a national and international level. NTIS
Energy Consumption; Research; Conferences
20050245053 United Solar Systems Corp., Troy, MI, USA
Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells. Final Technical Progress Report 1 July 2001 - 31 August 2004
Guha, S.; Yang, J.; Aug. 2005; 36 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15016820; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The objective of the research under this subcontract is to explore, identify, evaluate, and develop non-conventional photovoltaic technologies capable of making a breakthrough in the production of low cost electricity from sunlight. The specific objectives are to (1) develop microwave glow discharge parameters for the deposition of high quality microcrystalline silicon (mc-Si:H) thin films at high rate, (2) characterize this microcrystalline material, and (3) fabricate high efficiency microcrystalline nip solar cells. NTIS
Crystallinity; Microcrystals; Solar Cells
Source: NASA.
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