SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 43, ISSUE 26 - DECEMBER 30, 2005
32 COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory.
For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; for search and rescue, see 03 Air Transportation and Safety; and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
20050243487 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA
Low-Cost, Real-Time Network for Radiological Monitoring Around Nuclear Facilities
Bertoldo, N. A.; Aug. 12, 2004; 26 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15014665; UCRL-TR-206049; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A low-cost, real-time radiological sensor network for emergency response has been developed and deployed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The Real-Time Radiological Area Monitoring (RTRAM) network is comprised of 16 Geiger-Mueller (GM) sensors positioned on the site perimeter to continuously monitor radiological conditions as part of LLNL's comprehensive environment/safety/health protection program. The RTRAM network sensor locations coincide with wind sector directions to provide thorough coverage of the one square mile site. These low-power sensors transmit measurement data back to a central command center (CCC) computer through the LLNL telecommunications infrastructure. Alarm conditions are identified by comparing current data to predetermined threshold parameters and are validated by comparison with plausible dispersion modeling scenarios and prevailing meteorological conditions. Emergency response personnel are notified of alarm conditions by automatic radio- and computer- based notifications. NTIS
Communication Networks; Low Cost; Radiology; Real Time Operation
20050243647 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA
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Modeling Losses and Interference in Fiber Optic Systems
Covello, P.; Koning, J.; Mariani, J.; Rodrigue, G.; Aug. 28, 2003; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15014545; UCRL-PROC-200036; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The transmission characteristics of the optical fiber are of utmost importance for optical telecommunication systems.
Indeed, the optical signal experiences all kinds of losses as it propagates and demands the use of regenerators or repeaters along the fiber link.
Attenuation (loss) is a relationship between the optical output power and the optical input power in a fiber optic system.
It is a measure of the decay of signal strength, or loss of light power, that occurs as light pulses propagate through the length of the fiber. NTIS
Electromagnetic Interference; Fiber Optics; Transmission Loss
20050244530 Human Resources Research Organization, Alexandria, VA USA
Multi-Echelon Distributed Army Leaders' Information Support Training (MEDALIST) II: Prototype Development and Recommendations for Future Training
Graves, Christoper R.; Jenkins, Samuel N.; Flynn, Michael R.; Campbell, Charlotte H.; Shadrick, Scott B.; Oct. 1, 2005; 55 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-99-D-0012; Proj-A790 Report No.(s): AD-A439895; ARI-RR-1843; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Multi-Echelon Distributed Army Leaders' Information Support Training (MEDALIST) project, researchers examined communication requirements essential to the conduct of battle command in the emerging operational environment and designed a flexible, scalable approach for training those and related tasks in a distributed training environment. The MEDALIST approach comprises a structure of communication drills with varying difficulty levels and scenario settings, targeted training audiences, a distributed performance coaching model, and specifications for a PC-based system that supports delivery of the training. This follow-on to the MEDALIST effort examined the potential to apply the MEDALIST approach to the training of information support activities in the emerging Future Force and Stryker Brigade Combat Team environments. Project objectives included analyzing and modifying the MEDALIST approach to address performance conditions and requirements unique to Future Force and Stryker environments. This report describes the background, objectives, activities, products, and conclusions of the research effort. Intended for Future Force and Stryker Brigade Combat Team training and training system designers, it offers recommendations in the areas of training systems, training processes, and MEDALIST utilization. DTIC
Command and Control; Education; Leadership; Prototypes
20050244594 Defense Science Board, Washington, DC USA
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Defense Science Board Task Force on the Roles and Authorities of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering
Gold, Theodore; Latham, Donald; Oct. 1, 2005; 76 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A440086; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
This Task Force was charged with examining future roles and authorities of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E). We considered these roles and authorities in the context of how technology contributes to meeting national security and defense objectives. An unsurpassed ability to understand and exploit the military implications of technology has long been a cornerstone of U.S. defense strategy. The success of the Department of Defense (DOD) in these areas has been enabled by technical leadership at high levels in the Department, world-class technical staff, and technology investments informed by long-term visions. However, we are concerned that DOD is not well-positioned today to meet new challenges and exploit new opportunities offered by technology. These opportunities and challenges include the following: * The implementation of critically important new operational capabilities, e.g., finding and tracking terrorists and insurgents; assuring command, control, and communications networks; providing protection to personnel and vehicles; detecting and disabling nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. * The commercialization and globalization of technology makes it increasingly available for potential adversaries to use against our interests. On the other hand, DOD's early access to these technologies is made more difficult as commercial technology moves offshore and is further hampered by Cold War-era research, development, and acquisition processes and practices. We are seeing adversaries able to turn technology into capability quicker than DOD's acquisition processes allow. DTIC
Communication Networks; Defense Program
20050244789 Military Academy, West Point, NY USA
A Meta-Model Architecture for Fusing Battlefield Information
Driscoll, Patrick J.; Henderson, Steven J.; May 1, 2005; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A434915; USMA/DSE-TR-0517; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The principal contributions of this study are four-fold. First, we propose and illustrate a unifying meta-model architecture for fusing information in sensor-based decision support systems capable of delivering to the user strong inference results in support of tactical decision-making. Second, we demonstrate the feasibility of a completely automated system performing simulation. Third, we show that this architecture can readily accommodate several major network inference methods that are designed to handle battlespace uncertainty. And lastly, we discuss how this approach can be sued to directly assess the information advantage of US Forces relative to opposing force intelligence gathering capabilities and the implications of doing so on developing strategic deception operations. DTIC
Data Systems; Decision Support Systems; Mathematical Models; Multisensor Fusion; War Games
20050244999 Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
Evaluation of Electromagntic Interference to Infusion Pumps from GSM Mobile Phones
Calcagnini, G.; Censi, F.; Floris, M.; Triventi, M.; D'Alessandro, M.; January 2005; 52 pp.; In Italian Report No.(s): PB2006-101224; ISTISAN-05/15; Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) to critical care medical devices has been reported by various groups. Previous studies have demonstrated that infusion and syringe pumps are susceptible of false alarm buzzing and block, when exposed to various EMI sources. The risk of EMI depends on factors such as phone emitted power, distance and carrier frequency. We investigated the EMI on infusion and syringe pumps from GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) phones at various distances and emitted powers. Malfunctions were observed in 6/8 infusion pump models and 1/4 syringe pump models exposed to mobiles at their maximum output, for distances as long as 30 cm. The probability of EMI significantly decreases if a good coverage is available on-site. If that is the case, mobile phones are designed to automatically reduce the peak power to battery saving. NTIS
Electromagnetic Interference; Pumps
20050245011 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA
Bit-Error-Rate Performance of a Gigabit Ethernet O-CDMA Technology Demonstrator (TD)
Hernandez, V. J.; Mendez, A. J.; Bennett, C. V.; Lennon, W. J.; Aug. 09, 2004; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15014263; UCRL-CONF-205832; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
An O-CDMA TD based on 2-D (wavelength/time) codes is described, with bit-error-rate (BER) and eye-diagram measurements given for eight users. Simulations indicate that the TD can support 32 asynchronous users. NTIS
Bit Error Rate; Code Division Multiple Access; Ethernet; Proving; Simulation
20050245100 Physics and Electronics Lab. TNO, The Hague, Netherlands
Target Recognition Techniques for High Resolution SAR Data
vandenBroek, A. C.; Dekker, R. J.; Steeghs, T. P. H.; Smith, A. J. E.; July 2005; 114 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): A01/D/791; TNO Proj. 015.31394 Report No.(s): TD04-0207; TNO-DV1 2004-A059; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
SAR data analysis for the purpose of ISTAR (intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance) is studied. The study reflects the general workflow sequence from the screening of SAR scenes to target extraction and finally target characterization. Studies on change detection, target detection, false alarms reduction, robust feature extraction for target characterization, feature enhanced processing, pose estimation and correlation methods to compare targets are discussed in this report. It is concluded that detection of targets, either by change detection or target-clutter discrimination is quite well possible using sub-meter resolution SAR imagery. Discrimination between different target classes requires very high resolution (30 cm or less) and is more difficult due to the large variation in backscatter when poses of targets are varied and when targets are modified. Author
Target Recognition; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Pattern Recognition; Reconnaissance; Radar Imagery; Clutter; Target Acquisition
20050245105 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, The Hague, Netherlands
V002 Program: Torpedo Defense System
Driessen, F. P. G.; September 2005; 56 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): TNO Proj. 015.31299 Report No.(s): TD2005-0317; TNO-DV1-2005-A039; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
This report is the final report of the research programme V002 'Torpedo defensie systemen', or 'Torpedo Defence Systems' (TDS) which was conducted in the period January ISt, 2001 to May Is' , 2005. The V002 programme is also known by its second title 'Ontwikkeling kennis en modellen ten behoeve van een testbed voor torpedodefensiesystemen (TDSTB)', or in English 'The Development of knowledge and models for a Torpedo Defence System Test Bed - TDSTB' Although the first title is easier to use, the second title covers the content and aim of the research more accurately. In parallel with the research programme, the RNlN contracted TNO in 2001 for the development of a TDS test bed (TDSTB). The TDSTB is a software simulation environment comprising different models, with which a complete torpedo attack including all torpedo counter measures can be simulated. The test bed can be used for a variety of tasks, to support the RNlN in the procurement of torpedo defence systems. Within the test bed a scenario can be defined in which different kinds of objects can be used. For instance a torpedo, a frigate, decoys and jammers. It is also possible to define multiple objects of the same kind (for instance using two decoys the same time). All objects are placed in an environment, which can be the ocean or shallow waters. For a realistic scenario the different subsystems of the objects have to be simulated in detail. As subsystems one can think of the sensor, the detection classification and localisation (DCL) algorithms, the signatures (radiated noise and target strength), etc. In the V002 TDS programme knowledge and models are developed for the relevant characteristics of platforms, torpedoes and softkill of interest. In Chapter 2 of the report an overview of the programme's context and objectives will be given along with the developments that impacted on the programme. In Chapter 3 the results of the programme are given. As it turned out during the work of the programme that it is much easier to cluster the work based on the TDS objects (torpedo, frigate, decoy) instead of the proposed division by functionalities (logics, detection, classification).Therefore the results will be presented by object too. Chapter 4 describes the international collaboration related to the programme. In Chapter 5 the evaluation of the programme is given, along with lessons learned and recommendations. Also an indication of future work is presented there. In Chapter 6 an overview of the deliverables of the programme is presented. In Chapter 7 the overall conclusions can be found. Derived from text
Torpedoes; Test Stands; Computerized Simulation; Algorithms
20050245123 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, The Hague, Netherlands
Techniques for Information Extraction from Satellite Imagery
vandenBroek, A. C.; Dekker, R. J.; June 2005; 51 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): B02/KL/656; TNO Proj. 015.32984 Report No.(s): TD2004-A0426; TNO-DV1-2004-A048; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Techniques are presented to upgrade SRTM X-band data at places where the height is inaccurate and where noise is found in the data. At those places DTED level I data are used for a final product. This product corresponds to the DTED level I data, but has the advantage of the SRTM data at places where the accuracy of the SRTM data are higher. High resolution polarimetric radar data are analyzed for target detection and land use classification where the lan use also serves as context information for the selection of relevant targets. We found that for an image showing an airbase with aircrafts parked on the platform all aircrafts could be detected without any false alarms when advanced polarimetric features are combined with a geometrical feature like the dimension. A try-out of several techniques for line extraction for the purpose of updating road networks is presented and discussed. Author
Satellite Imagery; Image Classification; Extraction; Target Acquisition; Detection; Polarimetry; Radar Data
20050245263 Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Lab., Stockholm, Sweden
How Is Work Environment Affected by Development of Products for Recycling. Three Case Studies
Christensson, B.; Antonsson, A. B.; Ancker, K.; Alvarez, E.; Aug. 2005; 44 pp.; In Swedish Report No.(s): PB2006-101926; B-1644; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Recycling has been introduced as a strategy to reduce the environmental impact. Recycling involves many different activities, not only the collection of waste and sorting out of fractions that can be used again or materials that can be treated in different ways and recycled. One activity concerns the development of products and processes in order to make the products possible to recycle or more easily recycled. Three case studies have been conducted in order to investigate how the working environment is affected by the development of products more easily recyclable. These case studies concerned: (1) Freezers and refrigerators, where the refrigerants have been substituted. (2) Transmission stations for mobile telephony, where the systems 2G and 3G were compared. (3) Construction where many environmentally hazardous materials have been substituted. NTIS
Environmental Surveys; Product Development; Recycling
Source: NASA.
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