SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 43, ISSUE 25 - DECEMBER 16, 2005
89 ASTRONOMY
Includes observations of celestial bodies; astronomical instruments and techniques; radio, gamma-ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared astronomy; and astrometry.
20050240969 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA
Science and Technology Review: Probing the Universe
Nov. 2004; 36 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15014512; UCRL-TR-52000-04-11; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Contents: Focus on High-Energy Detection; Probing the Universe with Mirrors That Trick Light; From Seeing to Understanding; The Right Bang for the Job; Cell by Cell: Moving Biology toward a More Predictive Future; The Laboratory in the News; Patents and Awards; Abstracts. NTIS
Research and Development; Technologies; Universe
20050242034 Jefferson (Thomas) Lab. Computer Center, Newport News, VA, USA
Discussions on the Cancellation Effect on a Circular Orbit
Li, R.; Derbenev, S.; January 2005; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-840017; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
In this study, we discuss some controversial points raised concerning the cancellation effect for transverse dynamics on a curved orbit, and show how they can be perceived from the view point of the cancellation picture. NTIS
Circular Orbits; Cancellation
20050242044 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA
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Science and Technology Review: The Physics of Stars Simulated in Three Dimensions
May 2002; 32 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15013298; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
For many years, Livermore researchers have played a major role in advancing astrophysical knowledge through their expertise in high-energy physics and advanced computer technology.
The astrophysics community has benefited from Livermore contributions in the search for dark matter in the universe, laser guide star optics that sharpen astronomical views made from Earth, advanced instruments for U.S. and European spacecraft, and laboratory-created hot plasmas similar to those existing in distant stars.
NTIS
Research and Development; Technologies; Computerized Simulation; Astrophysics
20050243218 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA
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Astronomical Odds: A Policy Framework for the Cosmic Impact Hazard
Sommer, Geoffrey S.; Jun. 1, 2004; 197 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A439773; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy
The phrase 'astronomical odds' expresses the rarest of life's experiences in terms of the unfathomable vastness of outer space. Ironically, this work examines the 'astronomical odds' of a particular astronomical event, and shows how social responses to the prospect of the event are shaped by the inconceivability of those odds.
The event in question is a cosmic impact (collision of either a comet or an asteroid with the Earth, potentially destroying a city, a region, or all human civilization). This 'impact hazard' is treated from the perspective of a policy analyst interested in the general category of low-probability-but-high-consequence events.
Such extreme events have proven problematic, in terms of both the formulation and execution of public policy. Why should this be so, and what measures can be taken to surmount the difficulties? There are cognitive barriers to serious consideration of very remote hazards, and these are nicely captured by the colloquial term 'giggle factor.' These barriers on the individual level may aggregate into barriers on the organizational level, and thus serve to constrain policymaker action. The end result may be a less than socially-optimal level of resource allocation: in effect, the social system has a blind spot. On the other hand, heuristics may operate that unjustifiably magnify the attention given to such hazards, and these heuristics may be susceptible to manipulation by interested stakeholders. The consequence would then be a greater than socially-optimal level of resource allocation.
The task is to first define how a socially-optimal level of resource allocation might be derived, and then to explore how such a level might be maintained in the face of policymaker aversion or rent-seeking behavior by stakeholders. If such a level cannot be maintained, then what is the constrained optimum? DTIC
Asteroids; Astronomy; Collisions; Comets; Hazards; Policies; Probability Theory
Source: NASA.
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