SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 43, ISSUE 16 - AUGUST 12, 2005
12 ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to space flight and manned and unmanned space vehicles, platforms or objects launched into, or assembled in, outer space; and related components and equipment.
Also includes manufacturing and maintenance of such vehicles or platforms.
For specific topics in astronautics see categories 13 through 20.
For extraterrestrial exploration see 91 Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration.
20050188694 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA
The Paradigm Shift to Effects-Based Space: Near-Space as a Combat Space Effects Enabler
Tomme, Edward B.; Jan. 2005; 77 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A434352; CADRE-2005-01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
This paper is an outgrowth of comments I heard and attitudes I experienced at the JFCOM Joint Space Concept Development and Experimentation Workshop in Norfolk at the end of March 2004. I presented a briefing on near-space at the conference along with colleagues from JFCOM, the Army Space and Missile Defense Battlelab, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Navy Warfare Development Command. It discussed how many functions that are currently done with satellites could be performed for tactical and operational commanders using near-space assets much more cheaply and with much greater operational utility. The briefing was very well received with nothing but positive comments all around. However, once we broke into focus groups trying to develop exercise inputs for such subjects as operationally responsive space, the near-space concept was almost forgotten. It didn’t fit into the normal mindset of what space meant, so it was difficult to convince other group members that it should be discussed in the same breath as, say, a TacSat-type program. After much thought, it was my perception that the problem was one of mindset as to what the word ‘space’ meant to the warfighter. After reading space doctrine (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Joint), I discovered that the mindset I sensed at the workshop had actually been codified to define space as a place where we operate satellites. That mindset is counterproductive. DTIC
Combat; Communication Satellites; Space Communication
20050188704 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA
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Military Space Control: An Intuitive Analysis
Fernandez, Adolfo J.; Apr. 2004; 65 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A434364; AU/AF-FELLOWS/NNN/2004-00; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy
Military space control describes the capability to secure a military asymmetric advantage in space. Space control protects space assets to guarantee access to space services, and at the same time, prevents an enemy from benefiting from resources in space. The tremendous growth in the integration of space systems into today’s warfighting machinery is driving a remarkable transition in the military space domain. The growing need for information dominance is the impetus for an increasing military dependence on space services. This reliance on space systems is compelling military decision makers to make key strategic choices about the future of space control. The purpose of this paper is to analyze major aspects of military space control strategy and determine if U.S. initiatives are on track to meet the needs of the warfighter. To analyze U.S. military space control strategy, this research takes an intuitive approach based on a methodology introduced by Newman, Logan, and Hegarty in their book, ‘Strategy,AMulti-Level, Integrative Approach.’ The method analyzes a strategy by defining the competitive domain, evaluating advantages in resources and organizations, and identifying strategic investment priorities. Based on this approach, the report will address the following three questions: (1) What is the domain the U.S. seeks in the military space control environment?; (2) What is the U.S. space control differential advantage?; and (3) What is the strategic thrust of space control initiatives? The report shows that military space control strategy, like many other facets of space, is in a significant phase of transition. As the military need for information dominance grows, space will become an area the U.S. will have to defend. This transformation will require moving military operations into space, improving the mission survivability of space systems, and ensuring a continual awareness of activities in space. DTIC
Aerospace Environments; Aerospace Systems; Defense Program; Military Operations; Policies; Strategy
20050196179 Air Force Academy, CO USA USA
Military Space: Into the Twenty-First Century
Hays, Peter L.; Jan. 2002; 169 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A435077; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This is the 42nd volume in the Occasional Paper series of the U.S. Air Force Institute for National Security Studies (INSS). This volume presents two important papers on USA military space. The first paper, ‘What is Spacepower and Does It Constitute a Revolution in Military Affairs?’, examines the concept of ‘spacepower’ as it is emerging within the U.S. military and business sectors to establish the basis for military space roles and implications. It also posits military-commercial sector linkages as the best near-term road map for future development. As commercial activities expand the importance of USA space, and as technological advances enable military missions, Hays sees expanded military roles, including space weaponization, on the horizon. He concludes that military space has already had a significant impact on the American way of war. That trend will only continue as the promise of a true space-led revolution in military affairs awaits eventual space weaponization. Given an increasingly important U.S. commercial and military presence in space, the second paper, ‘Space-Related Arms Control and Regulation to 2015: Precedents and Prospects,’ presents a detailed analysis of existing regulations and controls that constrain and shape military space use and development. It also presents a comprehensive examination of current and future issues that will define likely arenas of international efforts to further control military space. The USA must be very aware of the possible consequences for its overall commercial and military space efforts in addressing these issues. Finally, the paper suggests areas where some current regulatory emphasis could benefit the USA, indicating areas for current policy emphasis. Together, the two papers provide a timely and important examination of the current state and the likely future of USA military space. DTIC
Commerce; Military Operations; Regulations; Security; Space Weapons; United States; Warfare
20050196184 Air Force Academy, CO USA
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The Viability of U.S. Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Policy: Moving Toward Space Control
Johnson-Freese, Joan; Jan. 2000; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A435085; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This is the 30th volume in the Occasional Paper series of the U.S. Air Force Institute for National Security Studies (INSS). It is particularly timely that with the increased emphasis on space within the U.S. Air Force, in light of the ongoing HQ USAF efforts toward air and space integration into a true aerospace force, and in the wake of the 1998 INSS conference ‘Spacepower for a New Millennium,’ this work represents the initiation of the Space Policy Series of INSS Occasional Papers. In this paper, Dr Joan Johnson-Freese presents an examination of past U.S. policy and international treaty interpretations on anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) in space within the context of the organizational politics surrounding questions of developing and deploying these systems. With the ever-increasing American commercial and military reliance on space, these questions are particularly timely, and it is our hope that the debate on ASATs -- indeed on the larger issues of weaponization of space -- can be better informed by this paper. DTIC
Law (Jurisprudence); Military Spacecraft; Policies; Politics; Security; Space Weapons; Viability
20050196251 Industrial Coll. of the Armed Forces, Washington, DC USA
Spring 2004 Industry Study: Space Industry
Romano, Anthony F.; Brandt, Linda S.; Burns, Cynthia Q.; Grubbs, Lawrence K.; McGee, Anne E.; Barzler, Paul M.; Bennett, Kathleen R.; Bryner, Drew A.; Clubb, Timothy L.; Flynn, John E.; Jan. 2004; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A435195; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Space captures the hearts and minds of the world because it represents the future of humanity. Humans are by nature explorers; they seek to understand the unknown and space is a vast unknown. Like all previous pursuits into the unknown by humankind, there are huge risks and challenges associated with the exploration of space. These challenges include the complex technologies necessary to safely travel the hazardous environment and great distances of space, as well as the public will and commitment of resources required to sustain the long-term drive. Space is an industry full of intrigue worth billions. This industry study report addresses the current condition and challenges of the global space industry and provides recommendations that may ease the journey into this frontier. The report offers an executive summary of the industry, including information on its status and prognosis, an analysis of a few of its major challenges, and recommendations on several important issues. Four essays on major issues are included: Space Technology, Export Controls, Commercial Remote Sensing, and Space Weaponization. DTIC
Aerospace Engineering; Artificial Satellites; Economics; Forecasting; Industries; Policies; Space Weapons; United States
20050196584 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA
Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space
Downey, James R.; Forestier, Anthony M.; Miller, David E.; Apr. 2005; 120 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A434910; CADRE-22; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This paper addresses the question: What mechanism(s) would improve the political feasibility of a nuclear power program for US space operations? For a period of more than 50 years, the USA has been exploring the potential of nuclear-powered reactors for use in a variety of space-based applications. From the earliest days, there have been numerous challenges--some technical, many political--that have impeded progress in every program that the USA has considered. The issues surrounding space nuclear power (SNP) are complex and multifaceted. For the USA, the development of SNP lies at the intersection of program cost benefit and the social perception of risk. The actual decision to employ SNP is finally political--encompassing political judgment, will, and acceptance of risk. But if the current climate surrounding nuclear use remains manifest, the future for SNP looks politically challenging. The specter of a Delta IV rocket carrying a nuclear-powered satellite exploding on launch from Florida is an outcome the US government and its agencies would rather not confront. Though that has never happened, it remains the type of image that the anti-SNP lobby, under the umbrella of groups like the Florida Coalition for Peace and Justice (FCPJ), presents as a potential outcome of SNP programs. DTIC
Aerospace Environments; Nuclear Reactors; Aerospace Systems
20050196794 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA
Parameter Studies for the VISTA Spacecraft Concept
Orth, C. D.; Nov. 21, 2000; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2005-15013249; UCRL-JC-141513; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The baseline design for the VISTA spacecraft concept employs a diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) driver. This type of driver is now under development at LLNL and elsewhere as an extension of the mature solid state (glass) laser technology developed for terrestrial applications of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). A DPSSL is repratable up to at least 30 Hz, and has an efficiency soon to be experimentally verified of at least 10%. By using a detailed systems code including the essential physics of a DPSSL, we have run parameter studies for the baseline roundtrip (RT) to Mars with a 100-ton payload. We describe the results of these studies as a function of the optimized (minimum) RT flight duration.We also demonstrate why DT fuel gives the best performance, although DD, D3He, or even antimatter can be used, and why DT-ignited DD is probably the fuel most preferred. We also describe the overall power flow, showing where the fusion energy is ultimately utilized, and estimate the variation in performance to the planets dictated by variations in target gain and other parameters. NTIS
Inertial Confinement Fusion; Interplanetary Spacecraft; Manned Spacecraft
Source: NASA.
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