SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 43, ISSUE 19 - SEPTEMBER 23, 2006
16 SPACE TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY - PART II
Includes passenger and cargo space transportation, e.g., shuttle operations; and space rescue techniques.
For related information see also 03 Air Transportation and Safety; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
For space suits see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.
20050212123 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Crew Training Clip from JSC
June 26, 2003; In English; 33 min. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
STS-114 Discovery crew is shown in various training exercises at Johnson Space Center. The crew consists of Eileen Collins, Commander; James Kelley, Pilot; Charles Camarda, Mission Specialist; Wendy Lawrence, Mission Specialist; Soichi Noguchi, Mission Specialist; Steve Robinson, Mission Specialist; and Andy Thomas, Mission Specialist. The exercises include: 1) EVA training in the VR lab; 2) Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) EVA Training; 3) Walk to Motion Base Simulator; 4) EVA Preparations in ISS Airlock; and 7) Emergency Egress from Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT). A crew photo session is also presented. Footage of The Space Shuttle Atlantis inside the Kennedy Space Center Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) after its demating from the Solid Rocket Booster and External Tank is shown. The video ends with techniques for inspecting and repairing Thermal Protection System tiles, a video of external tank production at the Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) and redesign of the foam from the bipod ramp at Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF). CASI
Space Transportation System; Spacecrews; Discovery (Orbiter); NASA Space Programs
20050214138 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
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STS-114: Discovery Mission Status Briefing (incl. Statement from Cmdr. Collins and Crew)
July 26, 2005; In English; 42 min., 50 sec. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
Commander Eileen Collins and crew briefly thanked everyone who worked hard to get the Shuttle back in space, and dedicated the mission to the Columbia crew as she bids their first ‘good night’ to the Mission Control Room in Houston. Video continues with the Mission Status Briefing by Phil Engelauf, STS-114 Mission Operations Representative, and John Shannon, Manager of the Space Shuttle Operations and Integration. Phil noted that launching and ascent had gone extremely well, the crews and the flight control team performed well and the vehicle performed exceptionally as well. The launch is the beginning of a 12 day mission period. John details the tasks of the Engineering team processing the radar data taken during ascent and checking frame by frame the imagery from both on vehicle imagery and ground imagery. John further detailed the two debris event from ascent video clips of tile loss and an unidentified material falling off from the external tank; the release of TYVEK covers, and bird impact on the external tank nose cone. Tile shearing, tile damage, tile repair, landing gear door seals, repair capabilities, debris assessment, safety, inspections criteria, data acquisitions and data analysis were topics covered with the News media. CASI
Space Shuttle Missions; Space Transportation System Flights; Ascent; Launching; Tiles
20050214239 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
Return to Flight: Crew Activities Resource Reel 1 of 2
February 08, 2005; In English; 1 hr., 32 min. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V04, Videotape-VHS; B04, Videotape-Beta
The crew of the STS-114 Discovery Mission is seen in various aspects of training for space flight. The crew activities include: 1) STS-114 Return to Flight Crew Photo Session; 2) Tile Repair Training on Precision Air Bearing Floor; 3) SAFER Tile Inspection Training in Virtual Reality Laboratory; 4) Guidance and Navigation Simulator Tile Survey Training; 5) Crew Inspects Orbital Boom and Sensor System (OBSS); 6) Bailout Training-Crew Compartment; 7) Emergency Egress Training-Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT); 8) Water Survival Training-Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL); 9) Ascent Training-Shuttle Motion Simulator; 10) External Tank Photo Training-Full Fuselage Trainer; 11) Rendezvous and Docking Training-Shuttle Engineering Simulator (SES) Dome; 12) Shuttle Robot Arm Training-SES Dome; 13) EVA Training Virtual Reality Lab; 14) EVA Training Neutral Buoyancy Lab; 15) EVA-2 Training-NBL; 16) EVA Tool Training-Partial Gravity Simulator; 17) Cure in Place Ablator Applicator (CIPAA) Training Glove Vacuum Chamber; 16) Crew Visit to Merritt Island Launch Area (MILA); 17) Crew Inspection-Space Shuttle Discovery; and 18) Crew Inspection-External Tank and Orbital Boom and Sensor System (OBSS). The crew are then seen answering questions from the media at the Space Shuttle Landing Facility. CASI
Discovery (Orbiter); Spacecrews; Astronaut Training; Space Transportation System
20050214422 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
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STS-114: Discovery Flight Day 7 Post MMT Meeting
August 2005; In English; 50 min. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
Wayne Hale Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager, and Chuck Campbell Subsystem Engineer in Aerothermodynamics are seen in this post mission management teem briefing on this seventh day of space flight. Wayne Hale begins with talking about how the International Space Station has been resupplied with its necessities, and that the Control Moment Gyroscope (CSG) has been replaced. Hale expresses his concern about the health of the Space Shuttle Discovery with the two protruding gap fillers present, and the aerothermodynamics surrounding the gap fillers. These concerns led to the conclusion to have spacewalker Stephen Robinson remove the gap fillers during EVA-3. Campbell shows a video of the protruding gap filler aft of Nose Landing Gear Door (NLGD). Campbell and Hale answer questions from the news media about the risks of performing this spacewalk, boundary layer transitions, flight safety, inspections, and temperature concerns. CASI
Aerothermodynamics; Discovery (Orbiter); NASA Space Programs; Space Transportation System Flights
20050214451 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Press Conference
July 18, 2005; In English; 41 min., 5 sec. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
George Diller, NASA Public Affairs, introduces the panel who consist of: Bill Parsons, Space Shuttle Program Manager; Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager; Ed Mango, Deputy Manager JSC Orbiter Project Office; and Mike Wetmore, Director of Shuttle Processing. Bill Parsons begins by expressing that he is still searching for the problem with the low level fuel sensor inside the external tank. Hale talks about more ambient tests that will be performed to fix this problem. Mango expresses his findings from tests in the aft engine compartment, point sensor box, orbiter wiring, and wire resistance. He also talks about looking in detail into the circuit analysis of the point sensor box. Questions from the news media about tanking tests and extending the launch window are addressed. CASI
Space Transportation System; Discovery (Orbiter); Electrical Engineering; NASA Space Programs
20050214558 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Studies Conducted of Sodium Carbonate Contaminant Found on the Wing Leading Edge and the Nose Cap of the Space Shuttle Orbiter
Jacobson, Nathan S.; Palou, Jaime J.; Research and Technology 2002; March 2003; 2 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
In early 2001, three of the space shuttle orbiters were found to have a sodium carbonate contaminant on the wing leading edge and nose cap. These parts are made of a reinforced carbon/carbon material protected by silicon carbide (SiC) and a glass coating. The glass coating is known as Type A and is primarily sodium silicate with particles of SiC. NASA Glenn Research Center’s Environmental Durability Branch was asked to determine the chemistry of this deposit formation and assess any possible detrimental effects.
At low temperatures, the reverse reaction is favorable. Previous studies of the corrosion of glass show that carbon dioxide in the presence of water does form sodium carbonate on sodium silicate glass (ref. 1). It is quite likely that a similar scenario exists for the orbiter wing leading edge. All three orbiters that formed sodium carbonate were exposed to rain. This formation of sodium carbonate was duplicated in the laboratory.
The Type A glass, which coats the wing leading edge and nose cap, was made in a freestanding form and exposed to water in two separate experiments. In one set of experiments, the coating was placed in a petri dish filled with water. As the water evaporated, sodium carbonate formed. In another case, water was slowly dripped on the coating and sodium carbonate formed. The sodium carbonate was detected by chemical analysis and, in some cases, xray diffraction showed a hydrated sodium carbonate. The next step was to examine possible detrimental effects of this sodium carbonate.
There are three likely scenarios for the sodium carbonate deposit:
(1) it may be removed with a simple rinse,
(2) it may remain and flow back into the Type A glass after heating during reentry, or
(3) it may remain and flow onto unprotected SiC and/or other parts after heating during reentry.
The effect of case 1 is to remove the Na2O constituent from the Type A glass, thus decreasing its effectiveness as a sealant. Even so, overall, it is probably the best approach and was used by the NASA Kennedy Space Center when the deposits were first observed. The effect of case 2 is minimal and would actually restore the the Type A glass to its composition before carbonate formation. However, the problem with allowing the carbonate to remain leads to the third scenario, the deposit flowing onto other parts.
A series of tests were conducted on unprotected SiC, and minimal effects were found in the short-term, but other ceramic and metal parts could be damaged by the molten sodium carbonate and would require close monitoring. Author
Sodium Carbonates; Space Shuttle Orbiters; Nose Cones; Leading Edges
20050214652 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Press Conference
July 20, 2005; In English; 29 min., 18 sec. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V02, Videotape-VHS; B02, Videotape-Beta
Bruce Buckingham, NASA Public Affairs hosted this conference. Bill Parsons, Space Shuttle Program Manager; John Muratore, Shuttle System and Integration Manager; Mike Wetmore, Shuttle Processing Director were present. The Panel summarizes that thorough effort of analysis and test techniques and great amount of work is being done to fix the sensor problem and will be ready to call the stations for a launch countdown process after the trouble shooting is fully completed. Launch time, grounding problem, sensor failure, trouble shooting, tanking test, pin swap, and heaters were topics covered with the News media. For clarification, Bruce Buckingham provided information that preferred launch time is at 10:39am on July 26, Eastern Time. CASI
Launching; Launch Dates; Electrical Grounding; Space Transportation System
20050214663 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Question & Answer with Joint Crew on ISS
August 02, 2005; In English; 36 min., 51 sec. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
STS-114 Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Souichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Charles Camarda, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev and Flight Engineer John Phillips answers questions from USA, Japanese and Russian News media in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Risk, safety, extravehicular activities, spacewalks, re-entry, gap fillers, tiles, flight operations, flight crew activities, team work, and life in space are topics covered with the News media. CASI
International Space Station; Space Transportation System; Spacecrews; Expeditions
20050214664 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Post Landing Press Briefing
August 09, 2005; In English; 31 min. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
Dean Acosta, NASA Public Affairs Deputy Assistant Administrator hosted this press briefing. Michael Griffin, NASA Administrator; Bill Parsons, Shuttle Program Manager; Michael Leinbach, Shuttle Launch Director; and Bill Ready, Space Operations Associate Administrator were present. The Panel specifically honored the Columbia crew as they praised Commander Eileen Collin’s performance in bringing the Discovery and crew safe back to Earth. Re-entry, test flight and next test flight, thermal insulation, heat, vehicle inspection, turn around processing, and ferrying Discovery back to the Kennedy Space Center were topics covered with the News media. Michael Griffin announced the launching of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will take place the following morning. CASI
Space Transportation System; Spacecrews
20050214667 Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China
Progress of Biological Air Filter (BAF) Development in Manned Spacecraft Cabin
Tang, Yong-Kang; Guo, Shuang-Sheng; Al, Wei-Dang; Space Medicine and Medical Engineering, Volume 18, No. 3; June 2005, pp. 230-234; In Chinese; See also 20050214665; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
The contaminants originating from human metabolism, material off-gassing and waste processing, may influence human health and the growth and development of higher plants when they accumulate at some degree in the spacecraft cabin. So the contaminants concentrations must be controlled below the spacecraft maximum allowable concentration (SMAC). For the long manned space missions and planetary habitation, biological technique is available for the removal of the contaminants. The biological air filter, BAF, is a system that degrades the contaminants into carbon dioxide, water and salts. It holds many advantages such as small weight and volume, low power consumption, easy maintenance and good working performance under the condition of microgravity. its wide applications will be seen in the space field in near future. Key words: manned spacecrafts; advanced life support system; biological air filter; trace contaminant control system. Author
Air Filters; Carbon Dioxide; Contaminants; Life Support Systems; Spacecraft Cabins; Trace Contaminants; Microgravity
20050214686 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Day 6 Post MMT Meeting
July 31, 2005; In English; 52 min., 31 sec. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
Wane Hill, Deputy Manager of the Space Shuttle Program, and Steve Poulos, Manager, Orbiter Project Office discussed damage assessments caused during ascent. Steve further detailed the damage analysis and assessments with chart presentation of composite tile damage and gap filler sites evaluation, protruding ceramic shim, left wing tile damage, comparisons of ground test results versus FD5 focused inspection, and the window 1 blanket. Gap fillers, the STS-73, thermal protection, temperature range, heating and heating range, aerodynamics, aerothermodynamics, risk, foam damage, tile adhesions, and extravehicular activities are topics covered with the News media. CASI
Space Transportation System; Tiles; Damage Assessment
20050214711 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Press Conference
July 15, 2005; In English; 44 min., 35 sec. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
Bruce Buckingham from NASA Public Affairs introduces the panel who consists of: Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Program Deputy Manager; John Muratore, Manager, Space Shuttle Systems and Integration; and Mike Wetmore, Director of Shuttle Processing. Hale begins with a video presentation of the point sensor box (black box) and discusses the troubleshooting plans that are in place to fix the low level fuel sensor inside the External Tank of the Space Shuttle Discovery. Muratore talks about exploring conditions that may be causing the problem and Wetmore discusses completing scrub securing. Questions from the news media pertaining to solutions to the sensor problem, risks involved, and anomalies are addressed. CASI
Discovery (Orbiter); Space Transportation System; NASA Space Programs; Spacecraft Maintenance
20050214713 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Launch Readiness Press Conference
July 24, 2005; 3 pp.; In English; 35 min. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V03, Videotape-VHS; B03, Videotape-Beta
Michael Griffin, NASA Administrator; Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager; Mike Wetmore, Director of Shuttle Processing; and 1st Lieutenant Mindy Chavez, Launch Weather Officer-USA Air Force 45th Weather Squadron are in attendance for this STS-114 Discovery launch readiness press conference. The discussion begins withWayne Hale bringing to the table a low level sensor device for everyone to view. He talks in detail about all of the extensive tests that were performed on these sensors and the completion of these ambient tests. Chavez presents her weather forecast for the launch day of July 26th 2005. Michael Griffin andWayne Hale answer questions from the news media pertaining to the sensors and launch readiness. The video ends with footage of Pilot Jim Kelly and Commander Eileen Collins conducting test flights in a Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA) that simulates Space Shuttle landing. CASI
Space Transportation System; Discovery (Orbiter); Spacecraft Launching; NASA Space Programs
20050214718 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Briefing
August 02, 2005; In English; 30 min. playing time, in color, with sound; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; V02, Videotape-VHS; B02, Videotape-Beta
Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager, is presented in this STS-114 Discovery Post Mission Management Team (MMT) briefing. He begins by talking about obtaining clearance from the Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) material. He then describes the supplies such as eleven water containers and the transfer of 50 additional pounds of Oxygen to the International Space Station. Hale presents a video of a billowed thermal blanket next to the commander’s window on the port side of the Space Shuttle Discovery that seems to be of some concern. He answers questions from the news media about the dimensions of this blanket, and the dangers of getting close to this blanket during the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) to repair the gap fillers. CASI
Discovery (Orbiter); Space Transportation System; NASA Space Programs
20050214771 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Microfabricated Gas Sensors Demonstrated in Fire and Emission Applications
Hunter, GaryW.; Research and Technology 2002; March 2003; 4 pp.; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy
A range of microfabricated chemical sensors are being developed to meet the needs of fire detection and emission monitoring in aerospace applications. These sensors have the advantages over traditional technology of minimal size, weight, and power consumption as well as the ability to be placed closer to where the measurements need to be made. Sensor arrays are being developed to address detection needs in environments where multiple species need to be measured. For example, the monitoring of chemical species such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons, and other species is important in the detection of fires on airplanes and spacecraft. In contrast, different sensors are necessary for characterizing some aircraft engine designs where the monitoring of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and CO is of high interest. Demonstration of both fire and emission microsensor technology was achieved this year in a collaborative effort undertaken by the NASA Glenn Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, and Makel Engineering, Inc. Author
Gas Detectors; Microinstrumentation; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide; Hydrocarbons; Fires
Source: NASA.
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