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NATO AEP-15 Document Information:
Title
LUBRICANTS FOR USE IN OXYGEN SYSTEMS WITH OXYGEN RICH ENVIRONMENTS
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Publication Date:
Jul 1, 2002
Scope:
INTRODUCTION
GUIDANCE
1. Lubricants must be carefully selected for safe operation of
equipment in oxygen-enriched
environments.
2. Oxygen compatible lubricants are safer in oxygen systems because
the required energy for
ignition is greater. It is standard practice to lubricate the joints
and threads of pipe, tubing
and fittings to avoid seizing and to assure a tight connection.
3. None of the fluids or greases tested would function as lubricants
at LOX temperature
(-297°F) though they are considered safe to use in gaseous oxygen
systems. At LOX temperature
only solid or dry-film lubricants can be used (SAE-AMS-M-7866,
MIL-PRF-81329).
SELECTION OF LUBRICANTS FOR OXYGEN SYSTEMS
Lubricant should be selected for oxygen-enriched environment service
through qualification tests.
The qualification tests should be more severe than the actual
operating conditions. The selection
should be from several types of materials found from experience to be
suitable for use in oxygen
systems. Use only lubricants that have been qualified for oxygen
service and use them sparingly.
The limits of temperature and pressure for their application must be
specified and observed.
PRECAUTIONS IN USING OXYGEN COMPATIBLE LUBRICANTS
1. Many LOX compatible halogenated hydrocarbons used as lubricants
have low threshold limit values
(TLV) and their decomposition products are, in most cases, very toxic
and corrosive. The only
practical solution is to assess the hazards associated with any
particular chemical application and
to take adequate precaution to insure the safety of the operation.
2. Lubricants such as Fluorolube, Halocarbon, and Krytox should not be
used with aluminum and light
alloys under high shear; a serious explosion could result even in the
absence of oxygen.
LIMITATIONS OF OXYGEN COMPATIBILITY TESTING
1. No single test can qualify materials for safe application under all
conditions encountered in
oxygen systems. Conditions for testing are quite specific and actual
operating conditions may be
quite different from test conditions. Test data serves only as a guide
in selecting alternative
materials for oxygen service to meet different conditions.
2. Non-homogeneity of compounding formulas by processors makes batch
testing almost imperative.
Care must be exercised in identifying the composition of a product. A
common chemical name should
not be used to designate different products with different compounding
ingredients.
3. According to NASA TM X-67953, Lewis Research Center, material
compatibility constitutes only 20%
of the causes of mishaps with liquid oxygen and 36% with gaseous
oxygen. Procedural deficiency
causes the largest number of mishaps, closely followed by design
deficiency.
NAEC MISC REPORT 92-0354 (REVISION A) COMPATIBILITY OF MATERIALS WITH
OXYGEN
1. Many tables and figures given in NAEC MISC Report 92-0354 Revision
A are not reproduced in this
report. References to the above report only are given. NAEC MISC
Report No. 92-0354 Revision A can
be obtained from the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Code
PD34, Lakehurst, NJ 08733,
USA.
DEFINITION OF OXYGEN RICH ENVIRONMENT
1. For the purpose of this document, an oxygen rich environment is
defined as an environment in
which the concentration of oxygen exceeds 23.5 percent by volume.
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