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AIAA G-077 Document Information:
Title
Guide for Verification and Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Publication Date:
Jan 14, 1998
Scope:
The fundamental strategy of V&V is the assessment of error
and uncertainty in the computational simulation. The required
methodology is a complex process because it must assess errors and
uncertainties originating in all three roots of CFD: theory,
experiment, and computation. Given these diverse perspectives, it
is common to find disagreement and conflict in the terminology of
V&V. Furthermore, because fluid dynamics is dominated by
nonlinear phenomena, it is common for multiple nonlinearities to be
strongly coupled. This introduces significant difficulties in
modeling the phenomena and in solving the resulting nonlinear
partial differential equations.
This document builds primarily on terminology established by the
Society for Computer Simulation and the Defense Modeling and
Simulation Office of the Department of Defense [2-4]. Concerning
the methodology of V&V, however, there are no publications
presenting general and comprehensive procedures in the
computational sciences. It is fair to call the present state of the
art for V&V methodology ad hoc. The purpose of this
document is to promote the establishment of basic terminology and
methodology for the V&V of CFD simulations.
It is important to emphasize that this document presents
guidelines for V&V of CFD simulations, not standards. The AIAA
Standards Procedures are segregated into three levels of
state-of-the-art: guides, recommended practices, and standards.
This document represents the first level, a guide. The AIAA
Computational Fluid Dynamics Committee on Standards unanimously
believes that the state of the art in CFD has not developed to the
point where standards can be written. The Committee is dedicated to
revising this document on a regular basis, following the same
approach taken in the preparation of this document. That is,
revisions will be made with broad input from other AIAA Technical
Committees and any individuals interested in the advancement of
CFD.
A few archival journals have developed editorial policies
pertaining to the control of numerical accuracy in fluid flow
simulations [5-8]. Numerical accuracy is one aspect of V&V, but
there are many more aspects as discussed in these guidelines. While
it is desired that these guidelines can lead to enhancing the
quality of work published in journals, publication-related issues
are not specifically discussed within the scope of this document.
It should also be made clear that the procedures described in these
guidelines are not meant to be necessary conditions for publication
of manuscripts in any of the AIAA journals or at any conferences
sponsored by AIAA.
This guide is predicated upon the notion that there is no fixed
level of credibility or accuracy that is applicable to all CFD
simulations. The accuracy level required of simulations depends on
the purposes for which the simulations are to be used. In effect,
all simulations do not need to demonstrate high accuracy. For
example, absolute or high accuracy simulations are not normally
required for engineering activities; such simulations only need to
be useful, not perfect. The required level of accuracy must be
determined for each use of the simulation. Typical practicalities
affecting the accuracy obtained are cost, schedule, and safety
implications of the simulation.
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