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ASME B18.12 Document Information:
Title
Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
ASME International
Publication Date:
Jan 1, 2001
Scope:
This Standard is a summary of nomenclature and terminology currently
used to define and/or describe
mechanical fasteners, related characteristics, and the manufacturing
processes that produce these
products. Utilization of these terms by manufacturers and consumers is
intended to reduce or
eliminate confusion and serve as a sound basis for communication.
(a) Primary Operations. Mechanical fasteners are produced by forming
or screw machine operations.
Forming is generally scrapless and, depending upon size, may produce
fasteners at rates exceeding
500 pieces per minute. Screw machining, although more tightly
toleranced, is significantly slower
and generates scrap because it involves the removal of material.
(b) Secondary Operations. Fasteners generally undergo several
secondary operations or processes
such as thread rolling, heat treating, or plating.
(c) Fastener. A fastener is a mechanical device designed specifically
to hold, join, couple,
assemble, or maintain equilibrium of single or multiple components.
The resulting assembly may
function dynamically or statically as a primary or secondary component
of a mechanism or structure.
Based on the intended application, a fastener is produced with varying
degrees of built-in
precision and engineering capability, ensuring adequate, sound service
under planned,
preestablished environmental conditions.
(d) Bolts, Studs, Screws, Nuts, Washers, Rivets, Pins, and Custom
Formed Parts. These items are the
general product families in which mechanical fasteners are best
classified. Within each product
family are numerous types that may have a name conforming to the
technical language of a national
standard or alternately may have a name that has its origins in
commercial or marketing
nomenclature often taken from its intended application. Such names,
for example, include the "stove
bolt" and "carriage bolt." Because mechanical fasteners are used in
just about every mechanical
assembly, they necessarily have been designed to meet a broad range of
applications from watch and
computer assembly to the space shuttle design. The names given to
fasteners appear to be as
limitless as the designer's imagination. While many fasteners may look
alike, they generally have
defined engineered capabilities based upon their intended application.
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